Motor Skill Development Alters Kinematics and Co-Activation Between Flexors and Extensors of Limbs in Human Infant Crawling

Xiong, Qi L.; Hou, Wei; Xiao, Nong; Chen, Yu X.; Yao, Jun; Zheng, Xiao; Liu, Yuan; Wu, Xiao

doi:10.1109/tnsre.2017.2785821

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The common EMG muscleA &EMG muscleB is the area under the curves that is shared by muscle A and muscle B during an average stride [24]. The MCI reflects the overall coactivation level of the two muscles [41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular control pattern in rhesus monkeys during bipedal walking

et al. 2019

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Walking is characterized by repetitive limb movements associated with highly structured patterns of muscle activity. The causal relationships between the muscle activities and hindlimb segments of walking are difficult to decipher. This study investigated these particular relationships and clarified whether they are correlated with speed to further understand the neuromuscular control pattern. Four adult female rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) were selected to record gait parameters while walking on a bipedal treadmill at speeds of 0.2, 0.8, 1.4, and 2.0 km/h. We recorded 3 ipsilateral hindlimb muscles by surface recording. In this study, we calculated the correlations between electromyography (EMG) and kinematic parameters (24 EMG*17 kinematic parameters). Of the 408 calculated coefficients, 71.6% showed significant linear correlations. Significant linear correlations were found between muscle activity, such as burst amplitudes and the integral of muscle activity, and the corresponding kinematic parameters of each joint. Most of these relationships were speed independent (91.7% of all variables). Through correlation analysis, this study demonstrated a causal association between kinematic and EMG patterns of rhesus monkey locomotion. Individuals have particular musculoskeletal control patterns, and most of the relationships between hindlimb segments and muscles are speed independent. The current findings may enhance our understanding of neuromusculoskeletal control strategies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular control pattern in rhesus monkeys during bipedal walking

et al. 2019

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“…The experiments were performed with informed, written consent of the parents or guardians of the infants, and the procedures were approved by the ethics committee of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (approval number: 065/2011). Partial results (i.e., crawling velocity, cadence, stance phase time) from the 20 TD infants have been published before ( 5 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, we defined the left wrist as the start of the crawl cycle, similar to the heel strike in gait analysis). The temporal-spatial crawling parameters were accordingly calculated from the 3D trajectories of the left wrist, including velocity, cadence, and stance phase time (normalized to crawling cycle, SPT), using the methods previously reported ( 5 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been briefly described as triceps brachii activation throughout the stance phase of the arm during crawling, with quadriceps femoris activated during swing phase of the leg ( 4 ). Our previous work demonstrated that muscle co-activations of lower extremities during crawling is correlated to their motor skill development ( 5 ), but it only quantified the coordination between antagonist muscles of a single limb, which provides little information about the inter-limb coordination across arm and leg muscles during hands-and-knees crawling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-Limb Muscle Synergies and Kinematic Analysis of Hands-and-Knees Crawling in Typically Developing Infants and Infants With Developmental Delay

Xiong

Yao

et al. 2018

Front. Neurol.

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Hands-and-knees-crawling is an important motor developmental milestone and a unique window into the development of central nervous system (CNS). Mobility during crawling is regularly used in clinical assessments to identify delays in motor development. However, possible contribution from CNS impairments to motor development delay is still unknown. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare inter-limb muscle synergy and kinematics during crawling among infants at a similar developmental age, however, clinically determined to be typically developing (TD, N = 20) infants, infants at risk of developmental delay (ARDD, N = 33), or infants with confirmed developmental delay (CDD, N = 13). We hypothesized that even though all of the groups are at a similar developmental age, there would be differences in kinematic measures during crawling, and such differences would be associated with CNS impairment as measured by electromyography (EMG) features. Surface EMG of eight arm and leg muscles and the corresponding joint kinematic data were collected while participants crawled on hands and knees at their self-selected velocity. Temporal-spatial parameters and normalized Jerk-Cost (JC) function (i.e., smoothness of movement) were computed from the measured kinematics. The inter-limb muscle synergy and the number of co-activating muscles per synergy were measured using EMGs. We found that the infants with CDD demonstrated higher normalized JC values (less movement smoothness), fewer muscle synergies, and more co-activating muscles per synergy, compared to infants with TD (p < 0.05) and ARDD (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the normalized JC values were correlated (p < 0.05) with the number of co-activation muscles per synergy. Our results suggest a constrained neuromuscular control strategy due to neurological injury in infants with CDD, and such constrain may contribute to the reduced movement smoothness in infant crawling.

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“…The squared of time derivative of Z W (

, velocity squared) was applied to segment swing and stance, and the crawling cycle begins with swing. A threshold of

was set at 0.5 (m 2 /s 2 ) to decide the onset of limb moving and the end moment of a crawling phase ( 38 ). To refine the crawling cycle in detail, the swing phase was divided into forward swing phase (FSP) and backward swing phase (BSP) with the maximum of Z W ; and stance was divided into braking phase (BRP) and propulsive phase (PRP) with the minimum of time derivative of A S ( w S ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degraded Synergistic Recruitment of sEMG Oscillations for Cerebral Palsy Infants Crawling

et al. 2018

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Background: Synergistic recruitment of muscular activities is a generally accepted mechanism for motor function control, and motor dysfunction, such as cerebral palsy (CP), destroyed the synergistic electromyography activities of muscle group for limb movement. However, very little is known how motor dysfunction of CP affects the organization of the myoelectric frequency components due to the abnormal motor unit recruiting patterns.Objectives: Exploring whether the myoelectric activity can be represented with synergistic recruitment of surface electromyography (sEMG) frequency components; evaluating the effect of CP motor dysfunction on the synergistic recruitment of sEMG oscillations.Methods: Twelve CP infants and 17 typically developed (TD) infants are recruited for self-paced crawling on hands and knees. sEMG signals have been recorded from bilateral biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles. Multi-scale oscillations are extracted via multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD), and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method is employed to obtain synergistic pattern of these sEMG oscillations. The coefficient curve of sEMG oscillation synergies are adopted to quantify the time-varying recruitment of BB and TB myoelectric activity during infants crawling.Results: Three patterns of sEMG oscillation synergies with specific frequency ranges are extracted in BB and TB of CP or TD infants. The contribution of low-frequency oscillation synergy of BB in CP group is significantly less than that in TD group (p < 0.05) during forward swing phase for slow contraction; however, this low-frequency oscillation synergy keep higher level during the backward swing phase crawling. For the myoelectric activities of TB, there is not enough high-frequency oscillation recruitment of sEMG for the fast contraction in propulsive phase of CP infants crawling.Conclusion: Our results reveal that, the myoelectric activities of a muscle can be manifested as sEMG oscillation synergies, and motor dysfunction of CP degrade the synergistic recruitment of sEMG oscillations due to the impaired CNS regulation and destroyed MU/muscle fiber. Our preliminary work suggests that time-varying coefficient curve of sEMG oscillation synergies is a potential index to evaluate the abnormal recruitment of electromyography activities affected by CP disorders.

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Motor Skill Development Alters Kinematics and Co-Activation Between Flexors and Extensors of Limbs in Human Infant Crawling

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Neuromuscular control pattern in rhesus monkeys during bipedal walking

Neuromuscular control pattern in rhesus monkeys during bipedal walking

Inter-Limb Muscle Synergies and Kinematic Analysis of Hands-and-Knees Crawling in Typically Developing Infants and Infants With Developmental Delay

Degraded Synergistic Recruitment of sEMG Oscillations for Cerebral Palsy Infants Crawling

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