Motor Cell Columns in Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord

Kaizawa, Jiro; Takahashi, Ikuo

doi:10.1620/tjem.101.25

Cited by 35 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since monosynaptic input from group I1 afferents, for which the site of the synaptic contacts is unknown, is much weaker than from group Ia afferents (Kirkwood and Sears, 1974;Lundberg et al, 1975) the majority of fibers labeled within the motor nuclei are likely to be group Ia afferents. Previous studies carried out in the cat (Romanes, 19511, monkey (Reed, 19401, and rat (Goering, 1928;Kaizawa and Takahashi, 1970;Nicolopoulos-Stournaras and Iles, 1983;Swett et al, 1986) have revealed which lamina IX subgroups innervate various muscles or groups of muscles. The topographic organization of these subgroups is reflected in the projections of single group Ia afferents (Ishizuka et al, 1979;Brown, 1981).…”

Section: Laminar Distribution Of Labelingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Anatomical studies of the spinal cord have shown that the motoneurons are arranged in longitudinal columns, each supplying defined muscles or muscle groups (Goering, 1928;Reed, 1940;Browne, 1950;Romanes, 1951;Kaizawa and Takahashi, 1970;Nicolopoulos-Stournaras and Iles, 1983;Swett et al, 1986). Data from early physiological studies indicated that not only the motoneurons but also projections of muscle afferents are somatotopically organized in the ventral horn (Liddell and Sherrington, 1924;Lloyd, 1943).…”

Section: Indexing Terms: Peripheral Nerves Nerve Fibers Motor Neuromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organization of hindlimb nerve projections to the rat spinal cord: A choleragenoid horseradish peroxidase study

Rivero-Melián¹

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The aim of the present study has been to investigate the projections of hindlimb muscle afferent fibers to the spinal cord with particular emphasis on the ventral horn and the column of Clarke. Following transections of the appropriate ventral roots, injections of the B-subunit of cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were made into the tibial, peroneal, hamstring, superior gluteal, femoral, and obturator nerves in one group of adult rats. In another group of rats, similar experiments were done with intact ventral roots in order to map the location in the ventral horn of the motoneuron cell columns supplying each investigated nerve. An extensive overlap was found for the different nerve projections to Rexed's laminae V-VII. A somatotopic organization of the nerve projections was seen in the lamina IX cell groups of the ventral horn as well as in the column of Clarke, even though an overlap existed. The densest primary afferent projection from each injected nerve was to its homonymous motoneurons. Only a small to moderate overlap between the projections of the tributary branches of the sciatic nerve was found in the ventral horn, whereas the obturator and femoral nerve projections showed more profound overlap. In the column of Clarke, hindlimb nerves innervating distal muscles projected medially, and nerves innervating proximal muscles projected laterally.

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Section: Laminar Distribution Of Labelingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Indexing Terms: Peripheral Nerves Nerve Fibers Motor Neuromentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of hindlimb nerve projections to the rat spinal cord: A choleragenoid horseradish peroxidase study

Rivero-Melián¹

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…( I ) The microinjection technique reproducibly delivered the [3H] -1eucine to the lumbar ventral horns, particularly the dorsolateral portions containing the large motor neurons which contribute to the sciatic nerve (Kaizawa and Takahashi, 1970). Autoradiograms of the spinal cord sectioned horizontally and transversely through the injected region showed confluent spheres of dense labeling in which motor neurons were heavily labeled compared to the surrounding neuropil and glia.…”

Section: Preliminary Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast axonal transport in motor nerve regeneration

1976

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This report describes the fast transport of [3H]-leucine-labeled proteins in regenerating rat sciatic motor nerves. A normal rate of fast transport (383 +/- 33 mm/day) was present in the regenerating sprouts, as well as in the central stumps. The rapidly transported proteins passed the level of axotomy without impediment, and accumulated in the endings of the regenerating sprouts, as shown by electron microscope autoradiography. In addition, transported proteins accumulated in terminal neuromas. The relative amount of protein-incorporated radioactivity in the crest of transport in the regenerating nerves was increased compared to control nerves. These results are interpreted to suggest that the mechanism of fast transport is the same in regenerating nerves was increased compared to control nerves. These results are interpreted to suggest that the mechanism of fast transport is the same in regenerating sprouts as in normal axons; during regeneration fast transport appears to add newly synthesized materials to the growing tip.

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“… 50 , 51 The L1 spinal cord is located at the T12 vertebra, the L2 spinal cord at the rostral end of T13 vertebra, the L3 and L4 spinal cord at the caudal end of T13 vertebra and the disc of T13/L1. 36 Kaizawa and Takahashi 50 , 52 described sciatic motoneurons at mid L4 through L6 spinal segments. Peroneal motoneurons are located at L3-L4 and rostral L5; tibial motor neurons are located in L4, L5, and the rostral L6 spinal cord.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Consistent, Quantifiable, and Graded Rat Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury Model

Wen

Sun

Tan

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurotrauma

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The purpose of this study is to develop a rat lumbosacral spinal cord injury (SCI) model that causes consistent motoneuronal loss and behavior deficits. Most SCI models focus on the thoracic or cervical spinal cord. Lumbosacral SCI accounts for about one third of human SCI but no standardized lumbosacral model is available for evaluating therapies. Twenty-six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to three groups: sham (n=9), 25 mm (n=8), and 50 mm (n=9). Sham rats had laminectomy only, while 25 mm and 50 mm rats were injured by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm or 50 mm, respectively, onto the L4-5 spinal cord at the T13/L1 vertebral junction. We measured footprint length (FL), toe spreading (TS), intermediate toe spreading (ITS), and sciatic function index (SFI) from walking footprints, and static toe spreading (STS), static intermediate toe spreading (SITS), and static sciatic index (SSI) from standing footprints. At six weeks, we assessed neuronal and white matter loss, quantified axons, diameter, and myelin thickness in the peroneal and tibial nerves, and measured cross-sectional areas of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle fibers. The result shows that peroneal and tibial motoneurons were respectively distributed in 4.71 mm and 5.01 mm columns in the spinal cord. Dropping a 10-g weight from 25 mm or 50 mm caused 1.5 mm or 3.75 mm gaps in peroneal and tibial motoneuronal columns, respectively, and increased spinal cord white matter loss. Fifty millimeter contusions significantly increased FL and reduced TS, ITS, STS, SITS, SFI, and SSI more than 25 mm contusions, and resulted in smaller axon and myelinated axon diameters in tibial and peroneal nerves and greater atrophy of gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles, than 25 mm contusions. This model of lumbosacral SCI produces consistent and graded loss of white matter, motoneuronal loss, peripheral nerve axonal changes, and anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius muscles atrophy in rats.

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Motor Cell Columns in Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Organization of hindlimb nerve projections to the rat spinal cord: A choleragenoid horseradish peroxidase study

Organization of hindlimb nerve projections to the rat spinal cord: A choleragenoid horseradish peroxidase study

Fast axonal transport in motor nerve regeneration

A Consistent, Quantifiable, and Graded Rat Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury Model

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