Motor and non-motor symptoms of 1453 patients with Parkinson's disease: Prevalence and risks

Abstract

Considering that very few studies have assessed numerous clinical symptoms in the same report, these data provide a useful reference for the clinical course of PD.

Factors associated with motor complications in Parkinson's disease

“…With respect to the first research question, we found a slightly lower frequency of motor complications in our patients than several other studies (approximately 20% of our study participants with either of the motor complications vs. more than 22% of motor fluctuations and more than 26% of dyskinesias in other studies) (Nicoletti et al., 2016; Yoritaka et al., 2013; Martínez‐Martín et al., 2014; Hashim et al., 2014; Larsen et al., 2000; Schrag & Quinn, 2000). It is possible that the somewhat lower frequency of motor complications was partly due to the profile of the study participants.…”

“…and 548 mg in the study by Yoritaka et al.) (Yoritaka et al., 2013; Hashim et al., 2014). As this study was part of an epidemiologic survey of PD, all patients in the region were enrolled, included early cases.…”

“…With respect to the second research question, our findings confirm the results by others showing that motor complications are perhaps the greatest concern for PD patients who receive high cumulative dopaminergic doses (Nicoletti et al., 2016; Yoritaka et al., 2013; Larsen et al., 2000; Schrag & Quinn, 2000; Scott et al., 2016; Warren Olanow et al., 2013). Instead of levodopa daily dose, we chose LEDD as a total daily dose of medication expressing dose intensity of different antiparkinsonian drug regimens.…”

“…Based on the findings of various observational surveys using different study designs, the frequency of dyskinesias ranges from 26% to 44% and that of motor fluctuations from 22% to 64% (Nicoletti et al., 2016; Yoritaka et al., 2013; Martínez‐Martín et al., 2014; Hashim et al., 2014; Larsen, Karlsen, & Tandberg, 2000; Schrag & Quinn, 2000). Several studies have shown the prevalence of motor complications to increase with the duration of the disease (Nicoletti et al., 2016; Hashim et al., 2014; Schrag & Quinn, 2000; Scott, Macleod, & Counsell, 2016; García‐Ruiz, Del Val, Fernández, & Herranz, 2012; Stocchi et al., 2014).…”

“…Other variables that potentially increase the risk for motor complications have been reported: younger age at onset (Hashim et al., 2014; García‐Ruiz et al., 2012; Bjornestad et al., 2016; Warren Olanow et al., 2013), female gender (Yoritaka et al., 2013; Larsen et al., 2000; Schrag & Quinn, 2000; Scott et al., 2016; Bjornestad et al., 2016), initial treatment with levodopa (Schrag & Quinn, 2000; García‐Ruiz et al., 2012), and a higher score on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part II (Stocchi et al., 2014; Warren Olanow et al., 2013). Additionally, a low body weight (Warren Olanow et al., 2013) presence of tremor at diagnosis (Scott et al., 2016), higher levodopa equivalent dose, (Nicoletti et al., 2016) and higher MMSE score (Scott et al., 2016) have been shown to predict a higher rate of dyskinesias, while younger age (Stocchi et al., 2014; Bjornestad et al., 2016) and UPDRS Part III score (Bjornestad et al., 2016) predict a higher rate of motor fluctuations.…”