“…A wealth of evidence indicates that athletes performing under a mastery climate respond with more adaptive psychological outcomes when compared to an ego climate (Smith et al, 2007;Smoll et al, 2007a;Vazou, Ntoumanis, & Duda, 2006). A coach-initiated mastery climate is associated with higher self-esteem (Kipp & Amorose, 2008;Lavigne et al, 2009;Reinboth & Duda, 2006;Smith & Smoll, 1990;Smoll et al, 1993), higher intrinsic motivation (Ommundsen, Lemyre, Abrahamsen, & Roberts, 2010;Reinboth & Duda, 2006;Standage, Duda, & Ntoumanis, 2003), and lower levels of anxiety (Harwood & Swain, 2002;Smith et al, 2007) than an ego climate. A smaller body of research on the parent-initiated motivational climate provides evidence that parent-initiated mastery climate likewise relates in a salutary manner to self-esteem, autonomous regulation, and anxiety outcomes (O'Rourke et al, 2011(O'Rourke et al, , 2012Smoll et al, 2007b;White, 1998), whereas an ego climate typically exhibits contrasting relations.…”