Motion discrimination in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer disease

Landy, Kelly M.; Salmon, David P.; Galasko, Douglas; Filoteo, J. Vincent; Festa, Elena K.; Heindel, William C.; Hansen, Lawrence A.; Hamilton, Joanne M.

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002028

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Conversely, controls had greater impairment of direction than motion detection in the same task, suggesting that complex motion detection rather than directionality may best differentiate AD dementia from normal aging (Liu et al, 2019). This is supported by a study demonstrating that AD dementia patients and controls perform similarly on a horizontal motion discrimination task (Landy et al, 2015). Although there are limited recent studies on motion in MCI, past studies have shown similar deficits in higher-level motion tasks.…”

Section: High-level Visual Functionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Masurkar

Balcer

2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Vision, which requires extensive neural involvement, is often impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the last few decades, accumulating evidence has shown that various visual functions and structures are compromised in Alzheimer's dementia and when measured can detect those with dementia from those with normal aging. These visual changes involve both the afferent and efferent parts of the visual system, which correspond to the sensory and eye movement aspects of vision, respectively. There are fewer, but a growing number of studies, that focus on the detection of predementia stages. Visual biomarkers that detect these stages are paramount in the development of successful disease-modifying therapies by identifying appropriate research participants and in identifying those who would receive future therapies. This review provides a summary and update on common afferent and efferent visual markers of AD with a focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical disease detection. We further propose future directions in this area. Given the ease of performing visual tests, the accessibility of the eye, and advances in ocular technology, visual measures have the potential to be effective, practical, and non-invasive biomarkers of AD.

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Section: High-level Visual Functionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Masurkar

Balcer

2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Cognitive impairment (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐Revised,7 FAS Verbal Fluency,8 Trail Making Tests A and B,9 Graded Naming Test,10 Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test,11 and computerized tests of simple and choice reaction times, digit vigilance, line angle discrimination, and motion detection12, 13, 14)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thorough clinical assessment was carried out including measures of the following: –Cognitive impairment (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐Revised, FAS Verbal Fluency, Trail Making Tests A and B, Graded Naming Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and computerized tests of simple and choice reaction times, digit vigilance, line angle discrimination, and motion detection) –Functional impairment (Bristol and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scales) –Neuropsychiatric symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale, Clinician Assessment of Fluctuations, Dementia Cognitive Fluctuations Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory) –Parkinsonism (revised UPDRS). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and imaging correlates of amyloid deposition in dementia with Lewy bodies

et al. 2018

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Background: Amyloid deposition is common in dementia with Lewy bodies, but its pathophysiological significance is unclear. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between amyloid deposition and clinical profile, gray matter volume, and brain perfusion in dementia with Lewy bodies. Methods: Dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 37), Alzheimer's disease (n = 20), and controls (n = 20) underwent a thorough clinical assessment, 3T MRI, and early‐ and late‐phase 18F‐Florbetapir PET‐CT to assess cortical perfusion and amyloid deposition, respectively. Amyloid scans were visually categorized as positive or negative. Image analysis was carried out using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 8. Results: There were no significant differences between amyloid‐positive and amyloid‐negative dementia with Lewy bodies cases in age (P = .78), overall cognitive impairment (P = .83), level of functional impairment (P = .80), or any other clinical or cognitive scale. There were also no significant differences in hippocampal or gray matter volumes. However, amyloid‐positive dementia with Lewy bodies cases had lower medial temporal lobe perfusion (P = .03) than amyloid‐negative cases, although a combination of medial temporal lobe perfusion, hippocampal volume, and cognitive measures was unable to accurately predict amyloid status in dementia with Lewy bodies. Conclusions: Amyloid deposition was not associated with differences in clinical or neuropsychological profiles in dementia with Lewy bodies, but was associated with imaging evidence of medial temporal lobe dysfunction. The presence of amyloid in dementia with Lewy bodies cannot be identified on the basis of clinical and other imaging features and will require direct assessment via PET imaging or CSF. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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“…Many Lewy body patients present with ANS dysfunction, including urinary incontinence, constipation, erectile dysfunction, coronary dysfunction, or orthostatic hypotension, which increases the likelihood of injury due to falling [25,26]. Lewy body patients sometimes present with sensory dysfunction, losing their sense of smell (anosmia) [27], and/or seeing colors differently [28]. Some Lewy body patients initially present with late life onset depression, with or without visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions, and anxiety [29].…”

Section: Symptomatic Manifestations Of α-Synuclein Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Treatment of Constipation in Patients with Alpha-Synuclein Pathology

Lepkowsky¹

2019

Constipation

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α-Synuclein "Lewy body" pathology is the basis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies (NCDLB), sometimes called Lewy body dementia. In patients with α-synuclein pathology, constipation, obstipation and impaction are almost universal symptoms, whose treatment represents a significant burden on health care economies. Description is given of the specific mechanisms through which α-synuclein pathology induces these symptoms, and through which the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) might significantly reduce them. Four case studies are presented testing the hypothesis that the use of the cholinergic agonist donepezil might reduce the symptom of constipation in four patients with NCDLB or PD at different stages of disease progression. Outcomes are presented, as well as follow-up data at 6-, 12-, and 18-month intervals. The potential use of donepezil to reduce the symptoms of constipation in patients with α-synuclein pathology is discussed.

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Motion discrimination in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer disease

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Clinical and imaging correlates of amyloid deposition in dementia with Lewy bodies

Prevalence and Treatment of Constipation in Patients with Alpha-Synuclein Pathology

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