Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Wu, Sheng Nan; Masurkar, Arjun V.; Balcer, Laura J.

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.572337

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…After matching, the age difference between the two groups decreased from 7 to 2 years, and the statistical differences in age between the two groups also disappeared. The late stage group had a longer disease duration (4 [2-7] years vs. 6 [4][5][6][7][8][9] years, P = 0.007) and a higher LEDD (387 ± 190 mg vs. 642 ± 296 mg, P < 0.001) than the early stage group. Constriction velocity (2.25 ± 0.64 mm/s vs. 1.89 ± 0.57 mm/s, P = 0.006) and maximum constriction velocity (3.31 ± 0.90 mm/s vs. 2.79 ± 0.80 mm/s, P = 0.005) were signi cantly lower in the late stage group than in the early stage group (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 In previous studies, compared with healthy age-matched subjects, patients with AD or PD, had signi cantly lowered maximum constriction velocity and maximum constriction amplitude, among the other components of PLR. 5,6 In previous studies on patients with PD, pupillometry results were helpful in detecting subclinical autonomic dysfunction; however they did not show a correlation with disease duration, the motor section of the Uni ed Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), or with the presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction. 6,7 In this study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between the severity of motor symptoms and pupillometry ndings in PD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Analysis of pupillometer results according to motor symptom severity in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Shang

Hong

Yoo

2021

Preprint

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We performed pupillometer testing on 132 patients with Parkinson’s disease, stratified into two groups according to the disease severity. Neurological examinations and pupillometry were performed in the ON state. Patients in the Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 and 2 comprised the early group, and patients in stages 3-5 formed the late group. We performed age- and sex-matched (2:1) propensity score matching to compensate for the effect of age on pupil light reflex. Eight pupillometer parameters were measured and compared between the two groups. After the propensity score matching, the early group had 64 patients and the late group had 32 patients. The late group had a longer disease duration and took a higher levodopa equivalent dose than the early group. The constriction velocity (P=0.006) and maximum constriction velocity (P=0.005) were significantly faster in the early group than in the late group. Pupil size, minimum diameter, and dilation velocity were similar in both groups. The pupillary contraction velocity decreased with the disease progression, suggesting that the progression of Parkinson’s disease could be identified by the pupil constriction velocity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of pupillometer results according to motor symptom severity in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Shang

Hong

Yoo

2021

Preprint

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“…The brain region at the TPOJ has been discussed in the context of highest cognitive functions including integration of external and body information ( Abu-Akel and Shamay-Tsoory, 2011 ), making moral decisions ( Blanke and Arzy, 2005 ) and theory of mind ( Saxe and Kanwisher, 2003 ) and is well known to be affected by AD ( Coughlan et al, 2018 ). By contrast, the visual cortex is affected relatively late in the course of the disease ( Albers et al, 2015 but see also Wu et al, 2020 ). Therefore, our longitudinal results are in line with current knowledge about brain atrophy in AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated High-Definition MRI Processing Routine Robustly Detects Longitudinal Morphometry Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Rechberger

Li²,

Kopetzky³

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Longitudinal MRI studies are of increasing importance to document the time course of neurodegenerative diseases as well as neuroprotective effects of a drug candidate in clinical trials. However, manual longitudinal image assessments are time consuming and conventional assessment routines often deliver unsatisfying study outcomes. Here, we propose a profound analysis pipeline that consists of the following coordinated steps: (1) an automated and highly precise image processing stream including voxel and surface based morphometry using latest highly detailed brain atlases such as the HCP MMP 1.0 atlas with 360 cortical ROIs; (2) a profound statistical assessment using a multiplicative model of annual percent change (APC); and (3) a multiple testing correction adopted from genome-wide association studies that is optimally suited for longitudinal neuroimaging studies. We tested this analysis pipeline with 25 Alzheimer’s disease patients against 25 age-matched cognitively normal subjects with a baseline and a 1-year follow-up conventional MRI scan from the ADNI-3 study. Even in this small cohort, we were able to report 22 significant measurements after multiple testing correction from SBM (including cortical volume, area and thickness) complementing only three statistically significant volume changes (left/right hippocampus and left amygdala) found by VBM. A 1-year decrease in brain morphometry coincided with an increasing clinical disability and cognitive decline in patients measured by MMSE, CDR GLOBAL, FAQ TOTAL and NPI TOTAL scores. This work shows that highly precise image assessments, APC computation and an adequate multiple testing correction can produce a significant study outcome even for small study sizes. With this, automated MRI processing is now available and reliable for routine use and clinical trials.

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“…Some notable studies were not included in this review as they did not meet inclusion criteria or were published beyond our search date. Non‐invasive imaging detected differences in retinal Aβ between MCI/AD participants and age‐matched controls, 120 part of a promising field investigating the use of eye biomarkers in this context of interest 121,122 . Very recently, several groups have reported development of assays for plasma ptau181 20,123 and ptau217, 22–25 the second biomarker in the A/T/N framework 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The search for a convenient procedure to detect one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of the prediction of brain amyloid status

Ashford

Veitch

Neuhaus

et al. 2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Introduction Convenient, cost‐effective tests for amyloid beta (Aβ) are needed to identify those at higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This systematic review evaluates recent models that predict dichotomous Aβ. (PROSPERO: CRD42020144734). Methods We searched Embase and identified 73 studies from 29,581 for review. We assessed study quality using established tools, extracted information, and reported results narratively. Results We identified few high‐quality studies due to concerns about Aβ determination and analytical issues. The most promising convenient, inexpensive classifiers consist of age, apolipoprotein E genotype, cognitive measures, and/or plasma Aβ. Plasma Aβ may be sufficient if pre‐analytical variables are standardized and scalable assays developed. Some models lowered costs associated with clinical trial recruitment or clinical screening. Discussion Conclusions about models are difficult due to study heterogeneity and quality. Promising prediction models used demographic, cognitive/neuropsychological, imaging, and plasma Aβ measures. Further studies using standardized Aβ determination, and improved model validation are required.

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Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Cited by 18 publications

References 175 publications

Analysis of pupillometer results according to motor symptom severity in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Analysis of pupillometer results according to motor symptom severity in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Automated High-Definition MRI Processing Routine Robustly Detects Longitudinal Morphometry Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

The search for a convenient procedure to detect one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of the prediction of brain amyloid status

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