Mother-to-Child Transfer of Reactivated Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA and Varicella-Zoster IgG in Pregnancy

Ranjan, Vivek; Mishra, Alaknanda; Kesarwani, Ashwani; Mohan, K. Varsha; Lal, Sandeep Narayan; Puliyel, Jacob; Upadhyay, Pramod

doi:10.1089/vim.2019.0090

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As mentioned previously, the clinical significance of transmission of reactivated VZV from mother to fetus in case of declined maternal neutralizing antibodies remains to be further explored. [ 36 ] In addition, primary VZV infection in the pregnant mother can be a serious threat to neonatal health. The risk is even worse in the case of neglected asymptomatic primary VZV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of VZV and HSV-2 Antibodies among Women of Childbearing Age Referring to Health Centres of Mashhad, Iran: The Need for Consideration of VZV Vaccination Program

Youssefi,

Zahedi Avval,

Ghasabzadeh

et al. 2023

International Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Background: Infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are associated with serious maternal and neonatal health consequences. The literature review reveals a research gap regarding the seroprevalence of HSV-2 and VZV among women of reproductive age in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran. The present study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of these viruses among a group of women in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: Sera were collected by health center personnel using a cluster sampling method from healthy women with specific age characteristics residing in three distinct socioeconomic regions of the city. The participants, aged 20–35, were divided into three groups (20–25, 26–30, and 31–35 years). The levels of VZV and HSV-2 IgG antibodies were evaluated using commercial ELISA kits. Subsequently, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 93 women were included in the study. Anti-HSV-2 IgG antibody was detected in 3 out of 93 participants (7.5%), while anti-VZV IgG antibody was found positive in 80 out of 93 individuals (83.3%). The HSV-2 positive cases were concurrently positive for the VZV antibody. There was no significant difference in the positivity of anti-HSV-2 and anti-VZV antibody positivity within age groups or socioeconomic status (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The high seroprevalence of VZV among nonvaccinated participants indicates a widespread presence of the virus and underscores its potentially serious impact on community health. Therefore, it is recommended that a VZV vaccination program be considered by the health system. Furthermore, the reactivation of latent HSV-2, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, during pregnancy should not be disregarded as a life-threatening threat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of VZV and HSV-2 Antibodies among Women of Childbearing Age Referring to Health Centres of Mashhad, Iran: The Need for Consideration of VZV Vaccination Program

Youssefi,

Zahedi Avval,

Ghasabzadeh

et al. 2023

International Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…It was reasoned that the virus that infected the children might have been derived from a reactivation of maternal VZV during pregnancy leading to viremia, which was asymptomatic in the mothers but, nevertheless, crossed the placenta to enter the infants who, as a result, developed serious neurological abnormalities. More recently, the transfer of VZV DNA from 61 pregnant mothers to approximately one-third of their infants was reported in a study of sera obtained from pregnant women and their infants [ 12 ]. In these cases, however, there were no associated symptoms in the infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silent Reactivation of Varicella Zoster Virus in Pregnancy: Implications for Maintenance of Immunity to Varicella

Mourad

Gershon

Mehta

et al. 2022

Viruses

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We encountered two cases of varicella occurring in newborn infants. Because the time between birth and the onset of the illness was much shorter than the varicella incubation period, the cases suggested that the infection was maternally acquired, despite the fact that neither mother experienced clinical zoster. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that VZV frequently reactivates asymptomatically in late pregnancy. The appearance of DNA-encoding VZV genes in saliva was used as an indicator of reactivation. Saliva was collected from 5 women in the first and 14 women in the third trimesters of pregnancy and analyzed at two different sites, at one using nested PCR and at the other using quantitative PCR (qPCR). No VZV DNA was detected at either site in the saliva of women during the first trimester; however, VZV DNA was detected in the majority of samples of saliva (11/12 examined by nested PCR; 7/10 examined by qPCR) during the third trimester. These observations suggest that VZV reactivation occurs commonly during the third trimester of pregnancy. It is possible that this phenomenon, which remains in most patients below the clinical threshold, provides an endogenous boost to immunity and, thus, is beneficial.

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“…Primary infection with VZV produces the syndrome of varicella (chickenpox), whereas reactivation of the latent virus in sensory ganglionic neurons results in zoster shingles. Fever, fatigue, stress [ 79 ], the use of immunosuppressive drugs [ 80 ], and immune depression caused by malignant tumors often reactivate VZV. Furthermore, VZV is known to cause conjunctivitis [ 3 ].…”

Section: Varicella–zoster Virus (Vzv) Conjunctivitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Conjunctivitis

Muto

Imaizumi²,

Kamoi

2023

Viruses

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Viruses account for 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis and adenovirus; enterovirus and herpes virus are the common causative agents. In general, viral conjunctivitis spreads easily. Therefore, to control the spread, it is crucial to quickly diagnose illnesses, strictly implement hand washing laws, and sanitize surfaces. Swelling of the lid margin and ciliary injection are subjective symptoms, and eye discharge is frequently serofibrinous. Preauricular lymph node swelling can occasionally occur. Approximately 80% of cases of viral conjunctivitis are caused by adenoviruses. Adenoviral conjunctivitis may become a big global concern and may cause a pandemic. Diagnosis of herpes simplex viral conjunctivitis is crucial for using corticosteroid eye solution as a treatment for adenovirus conjunctivitis. Although specific treatments are not always accessible, early diagnosis of viral conjunctivitis may help to alleviate short-term symptoms and avoid long-term consequences.

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Mother-to-Child Transfer of Reactivated Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA and Varicella-Zoster IgG in Pregnancy

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Seroprevalence of VZV and HSV-2 Antibodies among Women of Childbearing Age Referring to Health Centres of Mashhad, Iran: The Need for Consideration of VZV Vaccination Program

Seroprevalence of VZV and HSV-2 Antibodies among Women of Childbearing Age Referring to Health Centres of Mashhad, Iran: The Need for Consideration of VZV Vaccination Program

Silent Reactivation of Varicella Zoster Virus in Pregnancy: Implications for Maintenance of Immunity to Varicella

Viral Conjunctivitis

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