Mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of Artemisia nilagirica (Family: Compositae) against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases have an economic impact, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates; however, no part of the world is free from vector-borne diseases. The aim of the present study, to evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent, and adulticidal activities of methanol crude extract of Artemisia nilagirica were assayed for their toxicity against two important vector mosquitoes, viz., Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The fresh leaves of A. nilagirica were washed thoroughly in tap water and shade dried at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C) for 5-8 days. The air-dried materials were powdered separately using commercial electrical blender. From the plants, 500 g powdered was macerated with 1.5 L organic solvents of methanol sequentially for a period of 72 h each and filtered. The larval and pupal mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure; no mortality was observed in the control group. The first- to fourth-instar larvae and pupae of A. stephensi had values of LC(50) = 272.50, 311.40, 361.51, 442.51, and 477.23 ppm, and the LC(90) = 590.07, 688.81, 789.34, 901.59, and 959.30 ppm; the A. aegypti had values of LC(50) = 300.84, 338.79, 394.69, 470.74, and 542.11 ppm, and the LC(90) = 646.67, 726.07, 805.49, 892.01, and 991.29 ppm, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of plant extract of A. nilagirica plants at five different concentrations of 50, 150, 250, 350, and 450 ppm were applied on skin of fore arm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, the plant crude extract gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. The adult mortality was found in methanol extract of A. nilagirica, with the LC(50) and LC(90) values of 205.78 and 459.51 ppm for A. stephensi, and 242.52 and 523.73 ppm for A. aegypti, respectively. This result suggests that the leaf extract have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of vector mosquito as target species.

Swift Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Bougainvillea glabra: Potential Against the Japanese Encephalitis Vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…Moreover, the combined treatment of Catharanthus rosesus with Bacillus thuringiensis against the malaria vector An. stephensi obtained LC 50 of 2.18, 2.41, 2.76 and 3.22 mg/L, respectively [79]. The larval mortality after a combined treatment of B. thuringiensis subsp.…”

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (DEN-2) and its primary vector Aedes aegypti

“…In this scenario, eco-friendly control tools are urgently needed. In the latest years, huge efforts have been carried out to investigate the efficacy of botanical products against mosquito vectors; many plant-borne compounds have been reported as effective against Culicidae, acting as adulticidal, larvicidal, ovicidal, oviposition deterrent, growth and/or reproduction inhibitors, and/or adult repellents (e.g., Amer and Mehlhorn 2006a, b;Panneerselvam et al 2012;Benelli et al 2015a, b).…”

Efficient in vitro propagation of Artemisia nilagirica var. nilagirica (Indian wormwood) and assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants

“…It is also used as antihelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, digestive, expectorant, purgative and stimulant. The bioactive compounds isolated from A. nilagirica such as flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones have been reported to have antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and insecticidal properties Paneerselvam et al 2012). Essential oils borneol, caryophyllene oxide, camphor, 2-hexane-1-ol, b-thujone, thujanol, myrtenol and lynalyl acetate, a-pinene, b-pinene, limonene, linalool, cgurijunene, germacrane D and farnesol have been isolated from Artemisia nilagirica (Haider et al 2010;Sati et al 2013) and majority of these essential oil possess medicinal and pharmacological properties (Abad et al 2012).…”