Mosquito Behaviour and Disease Control

Hoi, Amber Gigi; Roitberg, Bernard D.

doi:10.1093/emph/eou030

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Recent investigations of N 2 O -induced allostasis indicate that not only do overcompensating effector responses drive the hyperthermic sign-reversal, but suggest that this overcompensation motivates cool-seeking behavior in a thermally-graded alleyway that opposes the over-compensated state [ 22 , 35 ]. The present data suggest that an escalation of voluntary N 2 O inhalation might itself be a motivated behavior that is recruited to further increase HL (a primary drug effect), which counters the sign reversal caused by an allostatic HP response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Addictive Vulnerability: Individual Differences in Initial Responding to a Drug’s Pharmacological Effects

et al. 2015

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Considerable data suggest that individuals who appear minimally disrupted during an initial drug administration have elevated risk for abusing the drug later. A better understanding of this association could lead to more effective strategies for preventing and treating drug addiction. To investigate this phenomenon using a rigorous experimental model, we first administered the abused inhalant nitrous oxide (N2O) to rats in a total calorimetry and temperature system to identify groups that were sensitive or insensitive to the drug’s hypothermic effect. We then enrolled the two groups in a novel N2O self-administration paradigm. The initially insensitive rats self-administered significantly more N2O than sensitive rats, an important step in the transition to addiction. Continuous non-invasive measurement of core temperature and its underlying determinants during screening revealed that both groups had similarly increased heat loss during initial N2O administration, but that insensitive rats generated more heat and thereby remained relatively normothermic. Calorimetry testing conducted after self-administration revealed that whereas N2O’s effect on heat loss persisted comparably for both groups, initially insensitive rats actually over-responded by generating excess heat and becoming hyperthermic. Thus, rats with the greatest initial heat-producing compensatory response(s) appeared initially insensitive to N2O-induced hypothermia, subsequently self-administered more N2O, and developed hyperthermic overcompensation during N2O inhalation, consistent with increased abuse potential and an allostatic model of addictive vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Addictive Vulnerability: Individual Differences in Initial Responding to a Drug’s Pharmacological Effects

et al. 2015

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“…The foraging of anopheline mosquitoes for energy sources now has both theoretical and empirical support. Further, because such resources feature prominently in their life history exploitation of this behaviour for disease intervention (e.g., toxic baits [ 5 ]) makes such tactics much more evolution proof than other tactics (e.g., deployment of broad spread insecticides) [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next question is whether they leave seeking plant hosts. The recent paper by Tenywa et al [ 25 ] shows that females can locate sugar sources within competing vegetation and work at oases show that mosquitoes do find nectar sources [ 36 ], but further work is needed to tie together leaving responses per se and sugar exploitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae

Zappia

Chubaty

Roitberg

2018

Malar J

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BackgroundTransmission of Plasmodium greatly depends on the foraging behaviour of its mosquito vector (Anopheles spp.). The accessibility of blood hosts and availability of plant sugar (i.e., nectar) sources, together with mosquito energy state, have been shown to modulate blood feeding (and thus biting rates) of anopheline mosquitoes. In this study, the influence of mosquito starvation status and availability of nectar on the decision of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to leave a bed net-protected blood host was examined.MethodsTwo small-scale mesocosm experiments were conducted using female mosquitoes starved for 0, 24 or 48 h, that were released inside a specially constructed hut with mesh-sealed exits and containing a bed net-protected human volunteer. Floral cues were positioned on one side of the hut or the other. Several biologically plausible exponential decay models were developed that characterized the emigration rates of mosquitoes from the huts. These varied from simple random loss to leaving rates dependent upon energy state and time. These model fits were evaluated by examining their fitted parameter estimates and comparing Akaike information criterion.ResultsStarved mosquitoes left domiciles at a higher rate than recently fed individuals however, there was no difference between 1- and 2-day-starved mosquitoes. There was also no effect of floral cue placement. The best fitting emigration model was one based on both mosquito energy state and time whereas the worst fitting model was one based on the assumption of constant leaving rates, independent of time and energy state.ConclusionsThe results confirm that mosquito-leaving behaviour is energy-state dependent, and provide some of the first evidence of state-dependent domicile emigration in An. gambiae, which may play a role in malarial transmission dynamics. Employment of simple, first-principle, mechanistic models can be very useful to our understanding of why and how mosquitoes leave domiciles.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…LLINs and IRS work by lowering contact rate between humans and vectors, either because the insecticide changes the normal feeding or host-searching behavior (repellency or deterrence) [30], and/or the insecticide causes mosquito death, affecting the age structure of the mosquito population and potentially adult mosquito density [31]. Because of the importance of these core tools and the potential for insecticide resistance to render them less effective, development of next generation LLIN and IRS products comprising novel active ingredients that overcome resistance, is an important ongoing activity [32].…”

Section: Complementing Existing Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities for Broadening the Malaria Vector Control Tool Kit

Barreaux

Sternberg

et al. 2017

Trends in Parasitology

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Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have contributed substantially to reductions in the burden of malaria in the last 15 years. Building on this foundation, the goal is now to drive malaria towards elimination. Vector control remains central to this goal but there are limitations to what is achievable with the current tools. Here we highlight how a broader appreciation of adult mosquito behavior is yielding a number of supplementary approaches to bolster the vector control tool kit. We emphasize tools that offer new modes of control and could realistically contribute to operational control in the next 5 years. Promoting complementary tools that are close to field-ready is a priority for achieving the global malaria control targets.

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Mosquito Behaviour and Disease Control

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Predicting Addictive Vulnerability: Individual Differences in Initial Responding to a Drug’s Pharmacological Effects

Predicting Addictive Vulnerability: Individual Differences in Initial Responding to a Drug’s Pharmacological Effects

State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae

Priorities for Broadening the Malaria Vector Control Tool Kit

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