Moschusduft und Patchouliöl

Frister, Thore; Beutel, Sascha

doi:10.1002/ciuz.201500676

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore the quality of the essential oil may vary. Furthermore climatic crop failures usually cause the market price to fluctuate . Indonesia's patchouli oil world market price in 2016 was $175 per kg…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of factors influencing enzyme activity and product selectivity and the role of proton transfer in the catalytic mechanism of patchoulol synthase

Ekramzadeh¹,

Brämer²,

Frister³

et al. 2019

Biotechnology Progress

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The patchoulol synthase (PTS) from Pogostemon cablin is a versatile sesquiterpene synthase and produces more than 20 valuable sesquiterpenes by conversion of the natural substrate farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). PTS has the potential to be used as a biocatalyst for the production of valuable sesquiterpenes such as (−)‐patchoulol. The objective of the present study is to develop an efficient biotransformation and to characterize the biocatalytic mechanism of the PTS in detail. For this purpose, soluble PTS was prepared using an optimized cultivation protocol and continuous downstream process with a purity of 98%. The PTS biotransformation was then optimized regarding buffer composition, pH‐value, and temperature for biotransformation as well as functional and kinetic properties to improve productivity. For the bioconversion of FPP, the highest enzyme activity was reached with the 2‐(N‐morphlino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer containing 10% (v/v) glycerol and 10 mM MgCl2 at pH 6.4 and 34°C. The PTS showed an unusual substrate inhibition for sesquiterpene synthases indicating an intermediate sesquiterpene formed in the active center. Deuteration experiments were used to gain further insights into the biocatalytic mechanism described in literature. Thus it could be shown that a second substrate binding site must be responsible for substrate inhibition and that further protonation and deprotonation steps are involved in the reaction mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cause the market price to fluctuate. 6,7 Indonesia's patchouli oil world market price in 2016 was $175 per kg. 8 Main component responsible for the typical woody patchouli scent is the terpene alcohol (−)-patchoulol with a percentage of 40-50%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of factors influencing enzyme activity and product selectivity and the role of proton transfer in the catalytic mechanism of patchoulol synthase

Ekramzadeh¹,

Brämer²,

Frister³

et al. 2019

Biotechnology Progress

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“…A further problem is the quality of the product, as the production conditions in the developing countries often do not follow the guidelines for the cosmetics industry (e.g., substandard quality due to uncontrolled use of pesticides) . The world market price (up to $150/kg) is rising because natural production of patchouli oil cannot meet the demand and quality. The forecast for the end of 2019 is a market value of US$ 67.5 million .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of continuous purification of recombinant patchoulol synthase from Escherichia coli with membrane adsorbers

Brämer

Ekramzadeh

Lammers

et al. 2019

Biotechnology Progress

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The natural production of patchouli oil in developing countries cannot meet the increasing demand any more. This leads to socioecological consequences, such as the use of arable land, which is actually intended for food. Hence, the world market price increased up to $150/kg. An alternative is the biotechnological production of patchouli oil using a multiproduct sesquiterpene synthase, the patchoulol synthase (PTS). Here, we report the optimization of recombinant PTS purification from Escherichia coli lysate using continuous immobilized metal affinity chromatography. First, the purification conditions of the batch process were optimized in regard to optimal buffer composition and optimized chromatographic conditions. The best purification result was achieved with Co2+‐immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Sartobind® IDA 75) with a triethanolamine buffer at pH 7, 0.5 M NaCl, 10% [vol/vol] glycerol, 5 mM MgCl2 and 250 mM imidazole for product elution. This optimized method was then transferred to a continuous chromatography system using three membrane adsorber units (surface of 75 cm2 each). Within 1.5 hr in total, 4.55 mg PTS with a final purity of 98% and recovery of 68% could be gained. The purified enzyme was used to produce 126 mg/L (‐)‐patchoulol from farnesyl pyrophosphate. Here, for the first time bioactive PTS was successfully purified using membrane adsorbers in a continuous downstream process.

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The essential oil of patchouli,Pogostemon cablin: A review

Beek

Joulain²

2017

Flavour & Fragrance J

122

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The leaves of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae) are the source of patchouli essential oil, which is -with an annual production of about 1300 tonnes -an important and unique commodity in the fragrance industry. All the literature pertaining to patchouli was critically reviewed with an emphasis on the qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of the oil but also harvesting, fermentation, drying, distillation, used analytical techniques, sensory aspects including molecules responsible for the odour, adulteration and toxicological aspects, i.e., skin sensitisation, are discussed. In total 72 constituents have been convincingly identified in the oil and another 58 tentatively. The main constituent is the sesquiterpene patchoulol. For this review over 600 papers were consulted and in the supplementary information all patchouli-related references not relevant enough to be cited in the paper itself are listed. 6 It has been stated that "this oil is one of the most important materials available to the perfumer." 7 Approximately 90% of today's global production of 1200-1300 metric tonnes per annum is realised in Indonesia. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Moschusduft und Patchouliöl

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Optimization of factors influencing enzyme activity and product selectivity and the role of proton transfer in the catalytic mechanism of patchoulol synthase

Optimization of factors influencing enzyme activity and product selectivity and the role of proton transfer in the catalytic mechanism of patchoulol synthase

Optimization of continuous purification of recombinant patchoulol synthase from Escherichia coli with membrane adsorbers

The essential oil of patchouli,Pogostemon cablin: A review

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