Mortality due to systemic mycoses as a primary cause of death or in association with AIDS in Brazil: a review from 1996 to 2006

Prado, Marli; Silva, Marcelo Barbosa da; Laurenti, Ruy; Travassos, Luiz R.; Taborda, Carlos Pelleschi

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762009000300019

Cited by 212 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

149

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[32][33][34] This mycosis was considered the second most important cause of mortality among systemic mycoses according to Brazilian study based on public health registers. 4 This figure is similar to that of Latin American countries where most HIV-infected patients are also severely immunocompromised when they start the ART or discover their HIV status and/or are hospitalized. 23,24 Probably, a high and unknown number of AIDS patients die before cryptococcosis diagnosis is performed or antifungal therapy started, and the lack and/or a progressive decrease of necropsy performance in most teaching hospitals hinder a definitive postmortem diagnosis in these cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…[1][2][3] Cryptococcosis has been considered the second most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) infection, and one of the commonest opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients at necropsy studies performed elsewhere and the second cause of mortality among systemic mycosis in Brazil. [4][5][6][7] At admission, most patients present subacute meningitis that often evolves to meningoencephalitis with several clinical and laboratory features associated to a poor prognostic. Among them, increased intracranial pressure, altered consciousness, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) low cell count (< 20 cells × μL), capsular antigen titers higher than 1:1024 and elevated fungal burden are the most consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cryptococcosis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients Clinically Confirmed and/or Diagnosed at Necropsy in a Teaching Hospital in Brazil

Torres

Etchebehere

Adad

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Cryptococcosis occurs in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with poor compliance to antiretroviral therapy or unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus status who present severe immunosuppression at admission. Consequently, high mortality rates are observed due to disseminated fungal infection. This report presents clinical and postmortem data of AIDS patients with cryptococcosis in a teaching hospital in Brazil. Retrospectively, medical and necropsy records of AIDS patients with cryptococcosis clinically confirmed and/or postmortem verified were reviewed. Clinical data were compared with those of patients presenting a good outcome to evaluate disseminated fungal infection and the agreement between clinical and postmortem diagnosis. At admission, most of the 45 patients with cryptococcal meningitis who died, presented more altered consciousness (P = 0.0047), intracranial increased pressure (P = 0.047), and severe malnutrition (P = 0.0006) than the survivors. Of 29 (64.4%) patients with cryptococcal meningitis, 23 died before week 2 on antifungal therapy, and the other six during the next 3 months. The remaining 16 (35.6%) cases had other diagnoses and died soon after. At necropsy, 31 (68.9%) presented disseminated infection involving two or more organs, whereas 14 (31.1%) cases had meningeal or pulmonary localized infection. The agreement of 64.4% between clinical and postmortem diagnosis was similar to some studies. However, other reports have shown figures ranging from 34% to 95%. Currently, a progressive worldwide decrease of autopsies is worrying because the role of postmortem examination is pivotal to verify or identify the death causes, which contributes to improve the quality of clinical diagnosis and medical training.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcosis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients Clinically Confirmed and/or Diagnosed at Necropsy in a Teaching Hospital in Brazil

Torres

Etchebehere

Adad

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the 417 adult patients, diagnosis by culturing H. capsulatum was done in 58%, by microscopic observation in 49.6% and by serological test in 14.6%. For each of the four groups analyzed, namely, States, this mycosis also occurs frequently in most Central and South American countries, Mexico (16,17), Panama (18), Venezuela (19,20) French Guyana (21), Brazil (22)(23)(24)(25)(26), and Argentina (27,28).…”

Section: Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmosis en Colombia: resultados de la encuesta nacional, 1992-2008

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. Histoplasmosis, a fungal disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of manifestations that range from subclinical infections to disseminated processes, affects both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. Histoplasmosis is not a reportable disease in Colombia and consequently, a survey was designed to collect histoplasmosis cases diagnosed in the country. Objective. The aim of this work was to analyze the data collected from 1992 to 2008. Materials and methods. The survey included demographic data, risk factors, clinical manifestations, imaging data, diagnostic methods and antifungal treatment. Patients were grouped according to risk factors and comparisons of the various findings were done. Results. A total of 434 surveys were gathered from 20 of the country's Departments. Most patients (96.1%) were adults, 77% were males with a mean age of 38.4 years. Only 3.9% were children less than 15 years of age. In the adult population, AIDS was reported in 70.5% of the cases; additionally, in 7.0% patients other immunosuppressive conditions were informed. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever (76.1%), cough (54.8%) and constitutional symptoms (56.8%). X rays abnormalities were represented mainly by infiltrates (65.9%) and nodules (17.1%). Diagnosis was made by microscopic observation of H. capsulatum in 49.6% patients, by culture in 58.0% and by serological test in 14.6% cases. Antifungal use was recorded in 52.5% cases. Conclusions. Histoplasmosis is frequent in Colombia, especially in certain risk factor groups such as the HIV-infected population. Data collected from this large number of cases has allowed valid comparisons on various aspects of histoplasmosis in Colombia.Key words: histoplasmosis, surveillance, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, children, disseminated histoplasmosis, Colombia. Author contributions:Myrtha Arango played an important role in the development of the project, revised the questionnaires and ascertained their completeness, participated in the analysis of the data and in the writing process. Elizabeth Castañeda conceived the plan for the surveillance program, orchestrated connections with hospitals, diagnostic centers and worked all along the development of the study, including writing and analyzing the manuscript. Clara Inés Agudelo worked all along in the surveillance study, played an important role in preparation of the manuscript and in analysis of the data, including statistical tests. Catalina De Bedout was in charge of the mycologic diagnosis for all CIB cases, established links with physicians in charge of patients, and controlled receipt of questionnaires. Carlos A. Agudelo was the physician in charge of most of the CIB patients, checked the questionnaire's contents for medical accuracy, and analyzed the data statistics. Ángela María Tobón examined many of the CIB patients, filled in the corresponding questionnaires, supervised the clinical aspects of most patients, and served as a consultant for other physicians in charge of histoplasmosis patie...

show abstract

“…Candida spp. are of great importance for public health, since candidiasis is the third systemic mycosis in number of deaths (Prado et al, 2009) and vulvovaginal candidiasis is the first most common cause of fungal vaginal infections (Sobel, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernonanthura polyanthes leaves aqueous extract enhances doxorubicin genotoxicity in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster and presents no antifungal activity against Candida spp.

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), known as "assa-peixe", has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, persistent cough, internal abscesses, gastric and kidney stone pain. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that species of Genus Vernonia present antifungal activity. Due to the biological relevance of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster or against Candida spp. The aqueous extract of the plant showed no toxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity in the experimental conditions tested using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing). However, when the extract was associated with doxorubicin, used in this work as a positive control, the mutagenic potential of doxorubicin was enhanced, increasing the number of mutations in D. melanogaster somatic cells. In the other hand, no inhibitory activity against Candida spp. was observed for V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using agar-well diffusion assay. More studies are necessary to reveal the components present in the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract that could contribute to potentiate the doxorubicin genotoxicity.Keywords: assa-peixe, Asteraceae, Cerrado, SMART/wing test, Vernonia polyanthes.O extrato aquoso das folhas de Vernonanthura polyanthes potencializa a genotoxicidade da doxorrubicina em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster e não apresenta atividade antifúngica contra Candida spp. ResumoVernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), conhecida como "assa-peixe", tem sido utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças, como bronquite, pneumonia, hemoptise, tosse persistente, abcessos internos, afecções gástricas e cálculo renal. Além disso, alguns estudos já demonstraram que espécies do Gênero Vernonia apresentam atividade antifúngica. Devido à relevância biológica dessa espécie, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos citotóxico, genotóxico, antigenotóxico e antifúngico do extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster ou contra Candida spp. O extrato aquoso da planta não apresentou atividade citotóxica, genotóxica e antigenotóxica nas condições experimentais testadas usando o teste de recombinação e mutação somática em asa (SMART-asa). No entanto, quando o extrato foi associado com a doxorrubicina, utilizada neste trabalho como controle positivo, o potencial mutagênico da doxorrubicina foi potencializado, aumentando oBraz.

show abstract

Mortality due to systemic mycoses as a primary cause of death or in association with AIDS in Brazil: a review from 1996 to 2006

Abstract: Deaths caused by systemic mycoses such as paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, coccidioidomycosis and zygomycosis amounted to 3,583 between 1996-2006

Cited by 212 publications

References 10 publications

Cryptococcosis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients Clinically Confirmed and/or Diagnosed at Necropsy in a Teaching Hospital in Brazil

Cryptococcosis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients Clinically Confirmed and/or Diagnosed at Necropsy in a Teaching Hospital in Brazil

Histoplasmosis en Colombia: resultados de la encuesta nacional, 1992-2008

Vernonanthura polyanthes leaves aqueous extract enhances doxorubicin genotoxicity in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster and presents no antifungal activity against Candida spp.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About