Mortality at Music Festivals: An Update for 2016-2017 – Academic and Grey Literature for Case Finding

Turris, Sheila A.; Jones, Tracie; Lund, Adam

doi:10.1017/s1049023x18000833

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…A cross-check with regional news outlets/publications around the dates of the festival brought no further information about possible deaths occurring at the festival. Although literature analysis showed that mortality is reported to be a factor in festival visitor populations [2,17,18], no deaths were reported in this sample. The reported causes of death in the literature include mass casualty events subsequent to trampling, structural collapse and acts of terror.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Medical care at a mass gathering music festival

Maleczek

Rubi

Fohringer³

et al. 2021

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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Summary Background Knowledge about longitudinal changes in epidemiological data at mass gathering events is sparse. The goal of this study was to determine and compare the type, severity and frequency of illnesses at a large music festival over 7 consecutive years (2011–2017). Methods Prospectively collected data from the rescue operation protocols of an Austrian music festival were retrieved and analyzed. Patient presentation rates (PPR) and transport to hospital rates (TTHR) were calculated and compared between years. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between (a) total number of visitors and number of patient presentations, and (b) environmental factors and temperature related medical emergencies. A descriptive analysis of pertinent medical logistics management was performed. Results The median (minimum to maximum) PPR and TTHR were 12.01 (9.33 in 2016 to 20.86 in 2011) and 0.57 (0.40 in 2017 to 1.06 in 2013) per 1000 visitors, respectively. In linear regression models, no significant associations were found between the number of visitors and either the total number of patient presentations, NACA 1–2 or NACA 3–5 classified emergencies. Environmental temperature had a significant impact on heat related patient presentations (p < 0.001). Conclusion There were significant differences and a high variance in both PPR and TTHR over the years. Contrary to our expectations, the number of visitors did not predict the number of patient presentations. Ambient temperature was associated with the number of heat related emergencies but not with the number of cold related emergencies. Prevention strategies, such as the removal of insect nests, resulted in significantly fewer insect related emergencies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Medical care at a mass gathering music festival

Maleczek

Rubi

Fohringer³

et al. 2021

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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“…Another recent study on mortality at music festivals for the period 2016-2017 warned of an increase in mortality due to terrorism. 9 In fact, this study, like others, particularly studied the effect of substance abuse and overdoses at music festivals and the emergency response, both prehospital at the event site, as well as in the emergency department of the nearby hospital. [9][10][11] Some authors try to establish models to predict patient presentation rates and estimate the in-event health services requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…9 In fact, this study, like others, particularly studied the effect of substance abuse and overdoses at music festivals and the emergency response, both prehospital at the event site, as well as in the emergency department of the nearby hospital. [9][10][11] Some authors try to establish models to predict patient presentation rates and estimate the in-event health services requirements. These show some predictive value for similar events, but largely depend on other variables such as the age of attendees, indoor versus outdoor conditions, the length of the event, and even temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Disaster planners should foresee the burden of nearby hospitals, probably already challenged by additional patients (due to for example substance abuse), during a mass event, and the added burden posed by a terrorist incident, and in the worst case, a concomitant human stampede after an armed assault or bombing at a mass gathering. [9][10][11]14 Because the police and military acting as security are potential targets, and health care workers are a growing target for terrorists, the location of prehospital health care posts should preferably be separated from security check points. At least two health care posts at distinct places should be made available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terrorist Attacks against Concerts and Festivals: A Review of 146 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database

Cauwer

Barten

Tin

et al. 2022

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Background: Mass gatherings are vulnerable to terrorist attacks and are considered soft targets with potential to inflict high numbers of casualties. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks targeted at concerts and festivals reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-year period. Methods: The GTD was searched for all terrorist attacks against concerts and festivals that occurred world-wide from 1970 through 2019. Analyses were performed on temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, attacker type, and number of casualties or hostages. Ambiguous incidents were excluded if there was doubt about whether they were exclusively acts of terrorism. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate trends over time and differences in attack types. Results: In total, 146 terrorist attacks were identified. In addition to musical concerts, festivals included religious, cultural, community, and food festivals. With 53 incidents, South Asia was the most heavily hit region of the world, followed by the Middle East & North Africa with 25 attacks. Bombings and explosions were the most common attack types. The attacks targeted attendees, pilgrims, politicians, or police/military members who secured the concerts and festivals. Conclusion: This analysis of the GTD, which identified terrorist attacks aimed at concerts and festivals over a 50-year period, demonstrates that the threat is significant, and not only in world regions where terrorism is more prevalent or local conflicts are going on. The findings of this study may help to create or enhance contingency plans.

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“…This problem is not distinct to the UK, however. In Canada it has been noted that despite a growth in music festivals and associated FRDRDs, similar to the UK, an examination of grey literature is necessary in order to identify cases, leading authors to call repeatedly for the introduction of a standardised, centralised reporting system for medical incidents at Canadian music festivals (Turris et al, 2018; Turris and Lund, 2016). In the UK, as in Canada and elsewhere, standardised data are not systematically collated, recorded or publicly accessible, so we simply do not know the overall extent of, or trends in, FRDRDs.…”

Section: Availability Of Data On Drug-related Deaths At Uk Music Fest...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Counting and accounting for drug-related deaths at UK music festivals 2017–2023: A commentary

Cooney,

Measham

2023

Drug Science, Policy and Law

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The exact number of drug-related deaths at UK music festivals in recent years is unknown, and there are no standard processes for reporting or accessing data on medical incidents at these events. For the purposes of this commentary, a table of all known drug-related deaths at music festivals from 2017 to 2023 was collated by cross-referencing media and social media content with a national database contributed to by coroners, and personal communications with stakeholders, bereaved families and associated organisations. The search identified 32 potential drug-related deaths, 18 of which have been confirmed. These deaths, and the circumstances surrounding them, are pieced together here in consideration of the value of developing a greater understanding of the context to festival-related drug-related deaths. This commentary concludes by arguing for the introduction of a comprehensive, standardised and publicly accessible national database of drug-related medical incidents at UK music festivals in real time, with the aims of improving our ability to assess trends in drug-related harm and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing and emergent interventions by support services, in line with the current government drug strategy.

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Mortality at Music Festivals: An Update for 2016-2017 – Academic and Grey Literature for Case Finding

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Medical care at a mass gathering music festival

Medical care at a mass gathering music festival

Terrorist Attacks against Concerts and Festivals: A Review of 146 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database

Counting and accounting for drug-related deaths at UK music festivals 2017–2023: A commentary

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