Mortality and years of life lost by colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil (1990–2015): Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Tremblay, Mark S.; Marinho, Fátima; Mooney, Meghan; Naghavi, Mohsen; Malta, Déborah Carvalho

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190943

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The increasing trend of colorectal cancer mortality in all regions for both sexes is consistent with previous reports [28, 30]. This rise is likely mainly attributable to dietary patterns, especially meat consumption and lack of physical activity [31, 32]. However, these factors may not explain differences across the regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

et al. 2019

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Background In Brazil, 211 thousand (16.14%) of all death certificates in 2016 identified cancer as the underlying cause of death, and it is expected that around 320 thousand will receive a cancer diagnosis in 2019. We aimed to describe trends of cancer mortality from 1996 to 2016, in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil, and to discuss macro-regional differences of trends by human development and healthcare provision. Methods This ecological study assessed georeferenced official data on population and mortality, health spending, and healthcare provision from Brazilian governmental agencies. The regional office of the United Nations Development Program provided data on the Human Development Index in Brazil. Deaths by misclassified or unspecified causes (garbage codes) were redistributed proportionally to known causes. Age-standardized mortality rates used the world population as reference. Prais-Winsten autoregression allowed calculating trends for each region, sex and cancer type. Results Trends were predominantly on the increase in the North and Northeast, whereas they were mainly decreasing or stationary in the South, Southeast, and Center-West. Also, the variation of trends within intermediate regions was more pronounced in the North and Northeast. Intermediate regions with higher human development, government health spending, and hospital beds had more favorable trends for all cancers and many specific cancer types. Conclusions Patterns of cancer trends in the country reflect differences in human development and the provision of health resources across the regions. Increasing trends of cancer mortality in low-income Brazilian regions can overburden their already fragile health infrastructure. Improving the healthcare provision and reducing socioeconomic disparities can prevent increasing trends of mortality by all cancers and specific cancer types in Brazilian more impoverished regions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

et al. 2019

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“…The general methods used in the 2016 GBD Study and the methods for estimating the disease burden of CRC have been detailed in previous studies (17). We matched all neoplasms as defined in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems to one of the 29 GBD cancer groups (18, 19). In the GBD Study, 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UI) were calculated to provide information on the variability of estimates resulting from errors related to the sampling process, and to non-sampling errors related to adjustments to data sources and modeling (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in and Predictions of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China From 1990 to 2025

et al. 2019

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) has emerged as a major public health concern in China during the last decade. In this study, we investigated the disease burden posed by CRC and analyzed temporal trends in CRC incidence and mortality rates in this country. We collected CRC incidence data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Volume XI dataset and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of CRC by sex and age, from the 2016 Global Burden of Diseases Study. We used the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to quantify temporal trends in CRC incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2016 and found the ASIR of CRC increased from 14.25 per 100,000 in 1990 to 25.27 per 100,000 in 2016 (AAPC = 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.29, 2.39). Cancer cases increased from 104.3 thousand to 392.8 thousand during the same period. The ASIR increased by 2.76% (95% CI 2.66%, 2.85%) and 1.70% (95% CI 1.64%, 1.76%) per year in males and females, respectively. The highest AAPC was found in people aged 15–49 years (2.76, 95% CI 2.59, 2.94). Cancer deaths increased from 81.1 thousand in 1990 to 167.1 thousand in 2016, while the ASMR remained stable (−0.04, 95% CI −0.13, 0.05), A mild increase (AAPC = 0.42, 95% CI 0.34, 0.51) was found among males and a significant decrease (AAPC = −0.75, 95% CI −0.90, −0.60) was found among females. Between 2016 and 2025, cancer cases and deaths are expected to increase from 392.8 and 167.1 thousand in 2016 to 642.3 (95% CI 498.4, 732.1) and 221.1 thousand (95% CI 122.5, 314.8) in 2025, respectively. Our study showed a steady increase in the CRC incidence in China over the past three decades and predicted a further increase in the near future. To combat this health concern, the prevention and management of known risk factors should be promoted through national polices. Greater priority should be given to CRC prevention in younger adults, and CRC screening should be widely adopted for this population.

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“…Being well-developed, CRC can metastasize -even after operation- to distant organs such as the liver and lungs, forming secondary CRC[14]. The common risk factors underlying CRC involve genetics[15], environmental pollution[16], diet[17], age[18], alcohol consumption[19], smoking[20], obesity[21], and physical inactivity[22], with gut microbiota standing alone as a potent risk factor[23] (Figure 1). It is well established that CRC arises due to accumulation of genetic mutations.…”

Section: Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer: The epigenetic role of microbiome

Sabit

Çevik

Tombuloğlu

2019

WJCC

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men (746000 cases per year) and the second most common cancer in women globally (614000 cases per year). The incidence rate of CRC in developed countries (737000 cases per year) is higher than that in less developed countries (624000 cases per year). CRC can arise from genetic causes such as chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability. Several etiologic factors underlie CRC including age, diet, and lifestyle. Gut microbiota represent a proven cause of the disease, where they play pivotal roles in modulating and reshaping the host epigenome. Several active microbial metabolites have been found to drive carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis via modifying both the methylation landscape along with histone structure in intestinal cells. Gut microbiota, in response to diet, can exert both beneficial and harmful functions in humans, according to the intestinal balance of number and types of these bacteria. Although the intestinal microbial community is diverse among individuals, these microbes cumulatively produce 100-fold more proteins than the human genome itself, which calls for further studies to elaborate on the complicated interaction between these microorganisms and intestinal cells. Therefore, understanding the exact role that gut microbiota play in inducing CRC will help attain reliable strategies to precisely diagnose and treat this fatal disease.

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Mortality and years of life lost by colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil (1990–2015): Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

Describing mortality trends for major cancer sites in 133 intermediate regions of Brazil and an ecological study of its causes

Trends in and Predictions of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China From 1990 to 2025

Colorectal cancer: The epigenetic role of microbiome

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