Mortality and cancer incidence among a population previously exposed to environmental cadmium

Arisawa, Kokichi; Nakano, Atsuhiro; Saitô, Hiroshi; Liu, X.-J.; Yoko-o, Makoto; Soda, Midori; Koba, Takashi; Takahashi, Tatsuya; Kinoshita, Katsumi

doi:10.1007/s004200000225

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Kido et al (1988) and Iwata et al (1993) reported that the dysfunction of renal tubules after Cd exposure may become irreversible when β 2 -MG-U cr levels exceed 1,000 μ g / g cr. In a long run, an increase in mortality and reduction in life span was also observed among the residents with 1,000 μ g β 2 -MG / g cr in urine (Iwata et al 1991;Nishijo et al 1994;Arisawa et al 2001). Aoshima et al (1990Aoshima et al ( , 2000b proposed the same value of 1,000 μ g β 2 -MG / g cr as a screening level for renal dysfunction among Cd-exposed populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Cases with discrepancy in intensity between exposure to Cd and response in terms of tubular dysfunction were observed also in the previous analysis (i.e., 17 cases out of 33 [51%] with Cd-U cr > 10 μ g / g cr; Ikeda et al 2003a), but it was even more so in the present analysis (51 cases out of 91 (56%); p < 0.10 by chi-squares test). The presence of these cases (e.g., Nakano et al 1985;Tohyama et al 1986;Aoshima 1987;Fan et al 1998;Arisawa et al 2001;Cai et al 2001) suggests that some subjects may be more resistant to Cd nephrotoxicity that others. Underlying mechanism certainly deserves further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to examine the quantitative relation between Cd and β 2 -MG in urine, this study group had searched for publications on the two markers, and succeeded to identify 12 articles (Saito et al 1977;Nogawa et al 1979;Aoshima 1987;Ishizaki et al 1989;Iwata 1991;Aoshima et al 1995a;Ikeda et al 1995Ikeda et al , 2000bYamanaka et al 1998;Oo et al 2000;Arisawa et al 2001;Ezaki et al 2003) by computerized retrieval systems. It was found that the increase in β 2 -MG-U was not linearly related to Cd-U and that the increase was markedly accelerated when Cd-U exceeded a certain level, so that the over-all relation was in a shape of the letter "J" or an ice hockey stick (Ikeda et al 2003a).…”

Section: Treatments For Creatinine-corrected Values and Geometric Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When only arithmetic means (AM) and arithmetic standard deviations (ASD) were available, the corresponding GM and GSD values were estimated by use of the moment method (Sugita and Tsuchiya 1995). Medians were given in cases of Tohyama et al (1986) and Arisawa et al (2001), and the medians were taken as if they had been GM values. It should be noted that the number of individuals represented by a pair of GM Cd-U cr and β 2 -MG-U cr were various depending on the articles.…”

Section: Treatments For Creatinine-corrected Values and Geometric Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Threshold Cadmium Level That Causes a Substantial Increase in .BETA.2-Microglobulin in Urine of General Populations

Ikeda

Ezaki

Moriguchi

et al. 2005

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatments For Creatinine-corrected Values and Geometric Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatments For Creatinine-corrected Values and Geometric Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Threshold Cadmium Level That Causes a Substantial Increase in .BETA.2-Microglobulin in Urine of General Populations

Ikeda

Ezaki

Moriguchi

et al. 2005

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…However, many human epidemiological surveillance investigations have not identified a relationship between cadmium exposure and cancer risk, although experimental animal studies have clearly demonstrated an association. Therefore, although the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified cadmium as Carcinogenic (Group 1) in 1993, debate about this association has continued [49][50][51][52][53] .…”

Section: Toxicity and Disorders Caused By Cadmium Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Susceptibility to Cadmium Toxicity and Metallothionein Gene Polymorphisms: with References to Current Status of Occupational Cadmium Exposure

Miura

2009

Ind Health

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The incidence of serious poisoning caused by occupational cadmium exposure has declined over the past four decades due to improvements in the work environment. However, long-term low-level exposure to cadmium needs to be addressed. For workers in industries that handle cadmium, it is necessary to consider the daily cadmium intake from contaminated foods such as cereals and rice in addition to the occupational exposure, since workers might be exposed to higher levels of cadmium from a combination of these sources. Cadmium accumulates in the renal cortex by the long-term exposure along with increased concentrations of metallothionein, an important protein for protection from cadmium toxicity. However, some individuals have lower metallothionein levels despite increased cadmium accumulation in the kidneys. This article describes the strategy method for analyzing individual susceptibility to cadmium toxicity and genetic polymorphisms of metallothionein, with reference to the current status of occupational cadmium exposure.

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All‐cause mortality increased by environmental cadmium exposure in the Japanese general population in cadmium non‐polluted areas

Suwazono

Morikawa

Nishijo

et al. 2014

J of Applied Toxicology

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure indicated by urinary Cd on all-cause mortality in the Japanese general population. A 19-year cohort study was conducted in 1067 men and 1590 women aged 50 years or older who lived in three cadmium non-polluted areas in Japan. The subjects were divided into four quartiles based on creatinine adjusted U-Cd (µg g(-1) cre). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous U-Cd or the quartiles of U-Cd were estimated for all-cause mortality using a proportional hazards regression.The all-cause mortality rates per 1000 person years were 31.2 and 15.1 in men and women, respectively. Continuous U-Cd (+1 µg g(-1) cre) was significantly related to the all-cause mortality in men (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.09) and women (HR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). Furthermore in men, the third (1.96-3.22 µg g(-1) cre) and fourth quartile (≥3.23 µg g(-1) cre) of U-Cd showed a significant, positive HR (third: HR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.77, fourth: HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.26-2.14) for all-cause mortality compared with the first quartile (<1.14 µg g(-1) cre). In women, the fourth quartile of U-Cd (≥4.66 µg g(-1) cre) also showed a significant HR (1.49, 95% CI 1.11-2.00) for all-cause mortality compared with the first quartile (<1.46 µg g(-1) cre).In the present study, U-Cd was significantly associated with increased mortality in the Japanese general population, indicating that environmental Cd exposure adversely affects the life prognosis in Cd non-polluted areas in Japan.

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Mortality and cancer incidence among a population previously exposed to environmental cadmium

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

The Threshold Cadmium Level That Causes a Substantial Increase in .BETA.2-Microglobulin in Urine of General Populations

The Threshold Cadmium Level That Causes a Substantial Increase in .BETA.2-Microglobulin in Urine of General Populations

Individual Susceptibility to Cadmium Toxicity and Metallothionein Gene Polymorphisms: with References to Current Status of Occupational Cadmium Exposure

All‐cause mortality increased by environmental cadmium exposure in the Japanese general population in cadmium non‐polluted areas

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