Morphometry of Individual Cerebellar Lobules in Schizophrenia

Loeber, Russell T.; Cintron, Christina M.; Yurgelun‐Todd, Deborah

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.952

Cited by 103 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although no convincing evidence for cerebellar abnormalities were found for adolescent-onset schizophrenia (22), recent post-mortem and neuroimaging studies do indicate cerebellar abnormalities in schizophrenia (23). Again the vermis seems to be involved; several structural neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia have provided evidence for distinct volume reductions involving the vermis, but not the cerebellar hemispheres (24,25). Deleterious effects of antipsychotic medication on brain morphology cannot be ruled out in this research, but a study involving 20 neuroleptic-naïve schizophrenic males also showed reductions of the cerebellar vermis (26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In particular, the cerebellar-hypothalamic connection yields an important neuroanatomical pathway (12) Cerebellum activity during positive mood states Wiech et al (11) Positive correlation between cerebellum activity and experience of chronic pain Psychiatry Ichimiya et al (26) Reduced volumes of vermis in neuroleptic naïve schizophrenic patients Loeber et al (24) Reduced volumes of inferior cerebellum in schizophrenia Kyosseva (23) Cerebellar abnormalities in schizophrenic patients Okugawa et al (21) White matter abnormalities in the middle cerebellar peduncles of schizophrenic patients Okugawa et al (25) Smaller volumes of vermis in chronic schizophrenia Soares & Mann (27) Depression linked to reduced volumes of the cerebellum Beyer et al (29) Volume reductions of vermis associated with depression Leroi et al (28) Degenerative cerebellar diseases associated with depression Neil et al (30) Vermal volume reductions in manic-depressive disorder CCAS: Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cerebellum on the rise in human emotion

2005

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For decennia the cerebellum has largely been excluded from scientific enquiry beyond motor function. However, the intimate afferent and efferent connections to the midbrain and limbic system provide for the neuroanatomical foundation of cerebellar involvement in emotion and emotional disorders. Moreover, an increasing body of empirical evidence indicates that the cerebellum may be involved in emotion regulation. Both functional and structural abnormalities of the cerebellum have been demonstrated in emotional disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. Research shows that the functional repertoire of the cerebellum is broader than previously thought and its involvement in emotion is noteworthy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cerebellum on the rise in human emotion

2005

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“…A post mortem-study of schizophrenia demonstrated an up-regulation of cerebellar extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a protein involved in synaptic development, dendritic growth, and cell death (Kyosseva, 2003). Schizophrenia also has been associated with smaller whole cerebellum (Keller et al, 2003) and vermal volume Ichimiya et al, 2001;Loeber et al, 2001). Interestingly, cerebellar volume may be associated with poor long-term outcome (Wassink et al, 1999) and cognitive dysfunction (Levitt et al, 1999;Wassink et al, 1999;Ho et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, findings from studies of gross cerebellum volume have not gone unchallenged and often vary both within and between studies (e.g., Ichimiya et al, 2001;Szesko et al, 2003a;Szesko et al, 2003b;Keller et al 2003;James et al, 2004;Shin et al, 2005). Since information processing functions of the cerebellum may be characterized by each subregion's distinct connectivity (O'Hearn and Molliver, 2001), the greatest weakness of these volumetric investigations is that subregions of the cerebellum, specifically, the anterior and posterior lobules, have not been adequately studied (see Loeber et al, 2001, for an exception).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellum volume and eyeblink conditioning in schizophrenia

Edwards

Newman

Bismark

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Although accumulating evidence suggests that cerebellar abnormalities may be linked to the symptoms and course of schizophrenia, few studies have related structural and functional indices of cerebellar integrity. The present study examined the relationship between the volume of specific subregions of the cerebellum and cerebellar function, as measured by eyeblink conditioning. Nine individuals with schizophrenia and six healthy comparison participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and a delay eyeblink conditioning procedure. Volumetric measurements were taken for the whole brain, whole cerebellum, cerebellar anterior lobules I-V and posterior lobules VI-VII. The schizophrenia group had smaller cerebellar anterior lobes and exhibited impaired eyeblink conditioning compared to the comparison group. In the comparison group, larger anterior volume correlated with earlier conditioned response onset latencies and increased amplitudes of the unconditioned blink response during paired trials (i.e., when the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli co-occurred). The findings that smaller anterior cerebellar volumes and EBC impairments were associated with schizophrenia are consistent with non-human studies showing that anterior cerebellar abnormalities are associated with associative deficits in delay eyeblink conditioning. The lack of a significant correlation between indices of eyeblink conditioning and cerebellar volume within the schizophrenic group suggests an aberrant relationship between cerebellar structure and function.

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“…A disturbance of morphological and functional lateralization of the cerebellum is reportedly involved in human neurodevelopmental disorders with cognitive impairments, such as autism [45], schizophrenia [46,47], dyslexia [48], and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [49]. The direction and extent of the cerebellar torque asymmetry varied depending on species [13,14,34], the hand preference [13], and/or sex [34], independent of genetic factors [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Sexually-Dimorphic Asymmetric Development of the Ferret Cerebellar Cortex

Sawada

Aoki

2017

Symmetry

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Abstract:A three-dimensional (3D) T 1 -weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 7-Tesla system was acquired with a high spatial resolution from fixed brains of male and female ferrets at postnatal days (PDs) 4 to 90, and their age-related sexual difference and laterality were evaluated by MRI-based ex vivo volumetry. The volume of both left and right sides of cerebellar cortex was larger in males than in females on PD 10 and thereafter. When the cerebellar cortex was divided into four transverse domains, i.e., anterior zone (AZ; lobules I-V), central zone (CZ; lobules VI and VII), posterior zone (PZ; lobules VIII-IXa), and nodular zone (NZ; lobules IXb and X), an age-related significantly greater volume in males than in females was detected on either side of all four domains on PD 42 and of the AZ on PD 90, but only on the left side of the PZ on PD 90. Regarding the volume laterality, significant leftward asymmetry was obtained in the CZ and PZ volumes in males, but not in females on PD 90. From asymmetry quotient (AQ) analysis, AQ scores were rightward in the AZ in both sexes already on PD 21, but gradually left-lateralized only in males in the CZ, PZ, and NZ during PDs 42 to 90. The present study suggests that a characteristic counterclockwise torque asymmetry (rostrally right-biased, and caudally left-biased or symmetrical) is acquired in both sexes of ferrets during PDs 42 to 90, although the leftward laterality of the posterior half of the cerebellum was more enhanced in males.

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Morphometry of Individual Cerebellar Lobules in Schizophrenia

Abstract: The authors hypothesize that these morphometric changes may be developmental in origin and possibly related to cortical abnormalities.

Cited by 103 publications

References 15 publications

The cerebellum on the rise in human emotion

The cerebellum on the rise in human emotion

Cerebellum volume and eyeblink conditioning in schizophrenia

Age-Dependent Sexually-Dimorphic Asymmetric Development of the Ferret Cerebellar Cortex

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