Morphometrics and Sexual Dimorphism of Chinese Goshawks (<i>Accipiter soloensis</i>)

Choi, Chang Yong; Nam, Hyun-Young; Park, Jong‐Gil; Bing, Gi-Chang; Park, Chang-uk; Cho, Sook-Young

doi:10.3356/jrr-13-00007.1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is particularly important in the case of variables such as body mass and feather length. In raptors, nestlings’ body mass and feather length show large variation between individuals [ 55 , 56 ]. The body mass varies in relation to food availability and even within individuals during the day [ 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Sex Determination of Nestlings and Adult Bonelli’s Eagles Using Morphometrics

Estellés-Domingo

López‐López

2023

Animals

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Biometric analysis allows the sexing of most vertebrates, particularly birds. Birds of prey, and, especially, the Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata), show reverse sexual dimorphism (i.e., females are usually larger than males). In contrast to blood sampling, the use of morphometrics allows sex determination using a non-invasive method, and, therefore, it facilitates fieldwork. By means of a linear discriminant analysis of biometric variables, we obtained different equations that allow the sexing of nestlings and adult Bonelli’s eagles. We sampled 137 Bonelli’s eagles, 82 nestlings and 55 adults in eastern Spain during the period 2015–2022. The sexes obtained after linear discriminant analysis were compared with their molecular sexing. The validation procedure of the linear discriminant equations facilitated the reduction of the number of variables used and, consequently, optimised working time and sexing accuracy. After validation, some equations showed a 100% sexing efficiency for Bonelli’s eagles, particularly for adults. Our results showed that the variables with smaller overlap between the sexes were the lateral tarsus length and dorso-ventral tarsus length, particularly in nestlings. The rest of the variables showed some overlap between the sexes in both age classes. The results we obtained enable the sexing of juvenile and adult Bonelli’s eagles in the field using just these two measurements. Hence, this is an easy, accurate, quick and non-invasive method with multiple applications, including in studies on population dynamics, survival analysis or extinction risk assessments, which, ultimately, could contribute to the improvement of the conservation status of this endangered species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Sex Determination of Nestlings and Adult Bonelli’s Eagles Using Morphometrics

Estellés-Domingo

López‐López

2023

Animals

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“…Unlike other jaw muscles, this muscle is deeply positioned, attaches on palatine and pterygoid bones and runs antero‐posteriorly. Its dimorphism can be largely attributed to the morphological measurements of the skull, such as the skull length and the length of the palatine, both of which present significant differences between the sexes in accipiters (Choi et al., ; Hull, ; Zuberogoitia, Alonso, Palomares, & Martínez, ). Absolute dimorphism of M. pterygoideus could possibly be the result of the larger size of females, and even for a given body mass, differences in the muscle mass of M. pterygoideus between the sexes persist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in jaw muscles of the Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis)

Wang

Yan

Zhang

2017

Anat Histol Embryol

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Materials suitable for anatomical research of raptorial birds are rare. Bird-eating raptors show distinct inter-sexual differences in body size and parental roles. The large females catch larger prey and prepare small morsels to feed their young using their hooked beaks. Here, we investigated the architectural properties of different jaw muscles of the Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) and examined whether there is sexual dimorphism in their architectural design. The results showed that musculus depressor mandibulae, the opener of the lower jaw, was characterized by relatively long fascicle length, whereas musculus pterygoideus was characterized by its larger mass and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) in both sexes. Females have the potential capacity to produce rapid and strong bites by their significantly longer fascicle length of M. depressor mandibulae and larger mass and PCSA of M. pterygoideus. For body size-matched gender, jaw muscles of males had fibres of relatively longer length than females, enabling greater velocity and excursion. Architectural characteristics of jaw muscles, together with the absolute dimorphism (the fascicle length of M. depressor mandibulae, the muscle mass and PCSA of M. pterygoideus) and relative dimorphism in the muscle mass of M. pterygoideus, reflect dietary difference and asymmetric parental roles between the sexes.

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“…The research on sex determination continues to evolve the difficulty level based on four scientific literature through morphometric sexing representation, and it provides a correct percentage results of 86% (Buteo jamaicensis, B. lineatus, and Accipiter cooperii, Aquila chrysaetos) to 95% (A. trivirgatus) for each species (Pitzer et al 2008;Muriel et al 2010;Choi 2013;Harmata and Montopoli 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric and DNA sexing accurately in male Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) determination at Kamojang Eagle Conservation Center, West Java, Indonesia

WITHANINGSIH,

ILHAM,

ROSDIANTO

2024

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Withaningsih S, Ilham MF, Rosdianto AM. 2024. Morphometric and DNA sexing accurately in male Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) determination at Kamojang Eagle Conservation Center, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1167-1173. The Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) is a protected and endemic species of eagle in Indonesia whose existence is symbolized by the Garuda Pancasila. Raptors act at the top of the predatory chain and as indicators of environmental health. IUCN data states that N. bartelsi is red-listed as endangered. It is one of Indonesia's most frequently hunted and traded birds, and this trading practice has changed its natural behavior. Therefore, preservation through conservation –one of which is rehabilitation– programs are needed to maintain their sustainability. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is to release the Javan hawk-eagle back into its natural habitat. In conservation and breeding programs, accurate determination of the sex of raptors is integral to informing conservation decision-making, population management, and research efforts aimed at protecting these iconic birds of prey and their habitats. Therefore, this study aims to determine the sex of male N. bartelsi through morphometric and DNA sexing techniques. The research subjects were seven N. bartelsi rehabilitated at Kamojang Eagle Conservation Center, Garut, Indonesia. Morphometric sexing measurements obtained the following results: two males were consistent upon comparing DNA sexing and Kamonjang Eagle Conservation Centre records observations. Analyses were obtained using primer 2550F/2718R that recognized CHD1-Z and CHD1-W as cleaved. Furthermore, the amplification was successfully read a sexing of N. bartelsi at Kamonjang Eagle Conservation Centre. The analysis primer sets mainly for raptors can assist conservation programs such as breeding programs and data collection for mapping this raptor. In addition, the PCR method can also assist in the accurate management of in-situ and ex-situ conservation.

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Morphometrics and Sexual Dimorphism of Chinese Goshawks (Accipiter soloensis)

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Non-Invasive Sex Determination of Nestlings and Adult Bonelli’s Eagles Using Morphometrics

Non-Invasive Sex Determination of Nestlings and Adult Bonelli’s Eagles Using Morphometrics

Sexual dimorphism in jaw muscles of the Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis)

Morphometric and DNA sexing accurately in male Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) determination at Kamojang Eagle Conservation Center, West Java, Indonesia

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