Sexual dimorphism in jaw muscles of the Japanese sparrowhawk (<i>Accipiter gularis</i>)

Wang, H.; Yan, J.; Zhang, Z.

doi:10.1111/ahe.12309

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Sustaita and Hertel (2013) showed that accipiters and falcons exhibit different bite forces despite similarities in body size and this is associated with increased muscle mass in falcons. In Japanese sparrowhawks ( Accipiter gularis ) the larger females have relatively larger m. pterygoideus that reflects their reversed sexual dimorphism in anatomy and diet (Wang et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCSA is the volume of the muscle multiplied by the cosine of pinnation angle of the muscle fascicles (≤1) and then divided by the fascicle length. Whilst PCSA is often reported (Carril et al., 2015; Sustaita, 2008; Wang et al., 2017) pinnation angles and fascicle lengths are rarely found in the literature (but see Pestoni et al., 2018; Soons et al., 2012). In some instances, pinnation angles are not considered in the calculation of PCSA (Genbrugge et al., 2011) despite their importance in modelling muscle forces (Martin et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter‐relationships among body mass, jaw musculature and bite force in birds

2022

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Bite force can provide an insight into the feeding biomechanics and ecology of vertebrates. There has been an increasing interest in bite force in birds with data being collected using force transducers although bite forces have also been calculated from the mass of the jaw musculature. Studies have sought to find ecological correlates between bite force and diet or feeding style as well as with morphology. This study collated data reported in the literature for bite force and mass of the jaw musculature in birds and explored the relationships between these variables and their relationships with body mass to test two hypotheses. First, bite force and mass of the jaw musculature would scale with body mass irrespective of the phylogeny. Second, bite force and mass of the jaw musculature would be directly related to each other and be unrelated to phylogeny. Phylogenetically controlled analyses showed that in relation to body mass there were different relationships with bite force, and with the mass of the jaw musculature, for non‐passerine (isometry and negative allometry, respectively) and passerine species (both positive allometry). By contrast, a single significantly positively allometric relationship described the relationship between jaw muscle mass and bite force. These relationships were driven in part by the diet of the species concerned but also may reflect morphological differences in jaw musculature. The few studies that compare measured and calculated bite force for the same species show that values derived from muscles were higher. Detaching muscles from their points of origin and insertion to calculate physiological cross‐sectional area may be biasing bite force calculations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter‐relationships among body mass, jaw musculature and bite force in birds

2022

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“…For example, Wang et al . (2017) found in the Japanese Sparrowhawk ( Accipiter gularis ) that the muscles that act on the jaw, m. pterygoideus, had a significantly larger mass and PCSA value in females than in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this context, there are no studies dealing with musculature and possible presence of RSD with the exception of a recent study on the mandibular muscles of Accipiter gularis Wang et al . (2017). This is a relevant focus given the importance of the beak for this group while obtaining food (e.g., tearing of prey).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grasping behavior in the white‐tailed sea eagle (Accipitridae, Aves) explained by muscle architecture

et al. 2021

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Hindlimbs of raptors play an essential role in feeding due to the grasping abilities that allow them to hunt and kill their prey. This study explores and quantifies for the first time the structural and mechanical features of the digit flexor muscles in one of the largest piscivorous European raptors, the white‐tailed sea eagle. We studied the myological architecture of nine muscles of five females and five males of Haliaeetus albicilla. We found that (1) reversed sexual dimorphism was not reflected in any of these structural or mechanical variables; (2) when the physiological cross‐sectional area values of muscles were scaled altogether against body mass, they had a positive allometric tendency, implying that larger muscles have proportionally higher physiological cross‐sectional area values than smaller ones. Conversely, different scaling patterns were obtained when each flexor was analyzed individually: Only three muscles were positively allometric, and four muscles were isometric. (3) Three major groups can be identified in relation to the different features here analyzed: (1) flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis cranialis: large muscles, with high physiological cross‐sectional area and tendon cross‐sectional area, low tendon/belly ratio and isometric; (2) flexor hallucis brevis: small muscle, with intermediate physiological cross‐sectional area and tendon cross‐sectional area, low tendon/belly ratio, short fiber length and isometric; (3) musculi perforans and perforans et perforatus: intermediate muscles, with low physiological cross‐sectional area and tendon cross‐sectional area, high tendon/belly ratio and allometric. Haliaeetus albicilla hunts mainly fish, an elusive prey, and their muscles have an anatomical design related to their common purpose, to grip prey. However, different patterns that characterize each muscle might respond to different requirements related to this particular prey item and hunting behavior and to the role each digit can perform.

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“…Muscle dissection is a way of calculating bite force, but muscle masses in birds are only reported in a relatively few species, including (but not exclusively): cormorants Suliformes, (Burger 1978), birds of prey Accipitriformes and Falconiformes (Sustaita 2008 and see Hull 1991, Wang et al 2017, waterfowl Anseriformes, (Goodman & Fisher 1962), and songbirds Passeriformes, (e.g. van der Meij & Bout 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometric inter-relationships between jaw musculature mass, skull size and body mass in Psittaciformes

2022

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Functional characteristics of the jaw apparatus, for example bite force, in vertebrates is a combination of the skeleton and the musculature. In birds, bite force has been measured directly or calculated using various methods including summation of forces generated by the different elements of the jaw musculature. However, there have been no reports of the relationships between body size with the mass of the different muscle groups in a closely related group of birds. This study explored allometry in the different jaw muscle masses from parrot (Psittaciformes) species differing in body mass by 40-fold. It was hypothesised that the different muscle masses would exhibit isometry with body mass and skull size. Parrot heads were dissected and the masses of the individual muscle complexes were recorded. Data were subjected to phylogenetically-controlled regression analysis to document scaling effects with body mass and skull size. Most, but not all muscles, exhibited positive allometry with body mass but most were isometric with skull size. Consequently, as parrots get bigger, their skulls get proportionally longer, but that the muscles within the head isometrically scaled relative to the size of these proportionally larger skulls. The large muscles imply greater bite forces in parrots than have been reported to date, which seems to be associated with an increase in skull size to accommodate more muscles. It is unknown whether this pattern is applicable to other birds within specific orders or even across birds as a whole. There needs to be further investigation into the allometry of the morphological and functional properties of the avian jaw musculature.

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Sexual dimorphism in jaw muscles of the Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis)

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Inter‐relationships among body mass, jaw musculature and bite force in birds

Inter‐relationships among body mass, jaw musculature and bite force in birds

Grasping behavior in the white‐tailed sea eagle (Accipitridae, Aves) explained by muscle architecture

Allometric inter-relationships between jaw musculature mass, skull size and body mass in Psittaciformes

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