Morphometric Study of the Internal Globus Pallidus Using the Robert, Barnard, and Brown Staining Method

Santos, Emanuel Cassou dos; Veronez, Djanira Aparecida da Luz; Almeida, Daniel Benzecry de; Piedade, Guilherme Santos; Oldoni, Carolina; Meneses, Murilo S.; Marques, Mayara Silva

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.059

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[4][5][6][7]12,13] MRI and FMRI also provides assessment of detecting pathologies affecting the internal capsule. [9,14] In a recent study by Dos Santos et al [15] brain specimens taken from cadavers stained by a special technique and relationships of the basal nuclei and the internal capsule was described with anatomical coordinates. When all the findings using different imaging techniques compared, it can be seen that the results do not always match.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometry of the internal capsule on MR images in adult healthy individuals

Turamanlar¹,

Bilir²,

Horata³

et al. 2020

Anatomy

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Objectives: There is substantial information on the morphometric differences of the pathways passing through the internal capsule according to the dominant extremity; however, the diameters of the internal capsule in the horizontal plane have not been previously evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameters of parts of the internal capsule (anterior limb, posterior limb and genu) and angle in between these parts in healthy subjects. Methods: MRI images of 80 females and 37 males (age: 18-65) with no obvious intracranial pathology were evaluated. The diameters of the anterior and posterior limb and the genu of the internal capsule and the angle between the anterior and posterior limbs were measured. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in measurements of internal capsule when compared bilaterally in all individuals (p>0.05). The right and left genu angles were significantly wider in females. This angle in the present study was found as 122°, while the classical knowledge reveals it as around 90°. Conclusion: Understanding the normal morphometry of this region may help clinicians in the diagnosis and follow-up of some neurological diseases. Some morphometric characteristics of this region have shown differences from the classical knowledge. Further studies in larger samples should be done for re-evaluating the normal ranges of these morphometric values.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometry of the internal capsule on MR images in adult healthy individuals

Turamanlar¹,

Bilir²,

Horata³

et al. 2020

Anatomy

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“…Functionally, anatomical knowledge of the structures found in the midbrain is essential for fields such as neurosurgery (Alho et al, 2011). dos Santos et al (2019) published an article describing the anatomical relationships with the internal globus pallidus and correlated it with previous anatomical studies. One method used to correctly place the electrodes in surgery was the stereotactic atlases, which were based on anatomical studies with postmortem macrocephalic stains to be created.…”

Section: Plastination As a Long-lasting Alternative For Color Preserv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, differentiation between white matter and gray matter has been a continual development that has sought to improve results in neuroscience learning, teaching, and research (Quester and Schröder, 1997 ; Savaskan et al, 2009 ; dos Santos et al, 2019 ). The discovery of the neuron as a functional unit of the nervous system and the macroscopic study of its division into soma and axons (Delgado-García, 2015 ) using visible stains gave a twist to the way we understand the brain, its anatomical and physiological division, and the pathologies that affect it (dos Santos et al, 2019 ). Including color theory in learning also enhances knowledge and attention in a complex task (Mehta and Zhu, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KEYWORDS macroscopic staining, brain, Mulligan, Roberts, Prussian Blue, Alston, education . Introduction a twist to the way we understand the brain, its anatomical and physiological division, and the pathologies that affect it (dos Santos et al, 2019). Including color theory in learning also enhances knowledge and attention in a complex task (Mehta and Zhu, 2009).…”

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Macroscopic brain gray matter staining: historical protocol overview and neuroanatomy learning applications in second-year medical students

Villegas-Gomez,

Figueredo,

Ramirez

et al. 2023

Front. Neuroanat.

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Macroscopic staining in anatomical samples of the central nervous system is a technique that has been used for decades to achieve better differentiation of multiple gray matter structures, such as the cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellar nuclei. Staining methods are based on using the different components of the brain, mainly the lipids present in the white matter. These techniques have been progressively forgotten while computer renderings are increasing; however, as a primary exposure to surgical anatomy, stained brain specimens are considered a helpful tool. We aim to summarize different staining techniques, their principles, and their current applications for neuroanatomy learning purposes. In total, four gray matter staining protocol descriptions (Mulligan's, Roberts's, Alston's, and Prussian Blue) were performed, as well as Likert scale surveys of second-year medical students about their perceptions of the stained sections. The results showed that the different macroscopic stains for brain tissue are based on lipid and reactant interactions, intending to increase the white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) contrast. The search also showed that most staining protocols would take 2 days to develop. Efficient preservation options include submerging the sections in formaldehyde solutions, formaldehyde-free solutions, ethanol, or applying plastination techniques. Based on the student's perspective, the stained slices seem to be a valuable alternative to facilitate the study and identification of the basal ganglia and their relationships with the white matter (from 51.2 to 72% based on the Likert scale) compared with the non-stained sections. In conclusion, macroscopic staining of brain tissue continues to be a valuable tool for comprehensively studying the brain. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of stained specimens as teaching tools.

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Morphometric Study of the Internal Globus Pallidus Using the Robert, Barnard, and Brown Staining Method

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Morphometry of the internal capsule on MR images in adult healthy individuals

Morphometry of the internal capsule on MR images in adult healthy individuals

Macroscopic brain gray matter staining: historical protocol overview and neuroanatomy learning applications in second-year medical students

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