“…The access to ciliate diversity and biogeography is a challenge tasks because they are diminute organisms, difficult to identify (Finlay and Fenchel, 1999), there is a lack of experienced specialists (Foissner, 2006) and a number of species stay encysted for most of their life cycles (Foissner, 2004). In Brazil, significant works were performed with this emphasis such as conducted in Rio Grande do Sul (Safi et al, 2014), Paraná (Pauleto et al, 2009;Buosi et al, 2011;Velho et al, 2005Velho et al, , 2013, São Paulo (Bagantini et al, 2013;Regali-Seleghim et al, 2011), Pará (Castro et al, 2014), Minas Gerais (Dias et al, 2008(Dias et al, , 2010 and Rio de Janeiro (Paiva and Silva-Neto, 2004a, b) states. Inventory studies constitute the first step for development of applied biotechnological usage of ciliates.…”