Morphometric Evaluation of Korean Femurs by Geometric Computation: Comparisons of the Sex and the Population

Abstract

We measured 28 parameters of 202 femurs from Koreans by an automated geometric computation program using 3D models generated from computed tomography images. The measurement parameters were selected with reference to physical and forensic anthropology studies as well as orthopedic implant design studies. All measurements were calculated using 3D reconstructions on a computer using scientific computation language. We also analyzed sex and population differences by comparison with data from previous studies. Most parameters were larger in males than in females. The height, head diameter, head center offset, and chord length of the diaphysis, most parameters in the distal femur, and the isthmic width of the medullary canal were smaller in Koreans than in other populations. However, the neck-shaft angle, subtense, and width of the intercondylar notch in the distal femur were larger than those in other populations. The results of this study will be useful as a reference for physical and forensic anthropology as well as the design of medical devices suitable for Koreans.

The Proximal Femur in Egyptian (Morphometric and Radiological Study)

“…In the current study, the angle side diference was 1.18ᵒ. In Indian studies, the angle side diferences were 0.9ᵒ [21], 2.8ᵒ [14], 6.4°, 0.2ᵒ and 0.6ᵒ [24]. he angle side diferences were 4ᵒ in Iraq, 0.8ᵒ in Pakistani and 0.7ᵒin hailand [24].…”

“…In Indian studies, the angle side diferences were 0.9ᵒ [21], 2.8ᵒ [14], 6.4°, 0.2ᵒ and 0.6ᵒ [24]. he angle side diferences were 4ᵒ in Iraq, 0.8ᵒ in Pakistani and 0.7ᵒin hailand [24]. he important reason for the great disparity between diferent studies of the same populations may also be due to diferent methods, diferent axes at proximal and distal end of femur to deine the FNA [22,25].…”

Pyrrole and Fused Pyrrole Compounds with Bioactivity against Inflammatory Mediators

“…Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to a class of drugs used worldwide for the treatment of pain, fever and inflammatory diseases [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Recently, use of NSAIDs has been extended [ 3 ] to reduce the risk of developing cancer through reduction of inflammation, which is an important risk factor for cancer.…”

“…The classical NSAIDs inhibit both isoenzymes and their use is often accompanied by gastrointestinal intolerance [ 12 ], due to a decreased production of protective prostaglandin E2 in the stomach. New drugs that selectively inhibit COX-2 exhibit a better gastric tolerance profile [ 5 , 9 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Among well-known NSAIDs, pyrrole ring derivatives [ 19 ] are of remarkable interest [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…Relatively recent discoveries [ 31 ] indicate that long-term use of NSAIDs is associated with numerous risk factors, including ulceration and other adverse effects. Moreover, instead of their ability to improve pain and tenderness, NSAIDs did not prevent disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis [ 5 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], a disease whose pathogenesis has been linked to the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α).…”