Morphometric Evaluation and Its Incidence in the Mass Movements Present in the Chicamocha Canyon, Colombia

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of the basins evaluated by their morphometric parameters establishes a relationship with the endogenous and exogenous factors of the earth that control the modeling of the rocky massif by weathering and erosion processes. The characterization of these relationships can define the degree of affectation of the surfaces and the agents that control them as a categorical element in the definition of scenarios within the planning of physical and natural territory. This evaluation considers parameters contained within the characterization of the relief, shape and texture of the drainage and the mobility of the flow in the basin. As a result of this evaluation, three factors were obtained that control the processes in the basins: a tectonic structural factor followed by climate control and, finally, seismic activity that plays an important role in the mechanical weathering of surfaces. The correlation of these factors showed that the Umpalá, Guaca, Río Negro, Cantabara and La Cureña basins display a high degree of physical and mechanical weathering of the rocky massif and that the Manco, Talarcuta, Las Pavas, Felisco and El Abra basins are more likely to generate torrential flows. The joint evaluation of these parameters provides a useful tool to understand the dynamic behavior of basins and their impact on anthropogenic setting.

Evaluation of Susceptibility by Mass Movements through Stochastic and Statistical Methods for a Region of Bucaramanga, Colombia

“…Observing this range of the slope, we have a region that presents very little extension, but with a large number of MMs. This is mentioned since in the literature there is a description of a critical range that generates instability on the slopes, which is between 30° and 40° [93,94], which is consistent with what is described in Table 1, but differs from the weight of evidence generated by the bivariate method.…”

DInSAR Multi-Temporal Analysis for the Characterization of Ground Deformations Related to Tectonic Processes in the Region of Bucaramanga, Colombia

“…On the other hand, structural control also plays an important role within the degrees of deformation, if observed by the effect generated by the stroke of the Bucaramanga fault. Since this fault is an oblique structure with a sinistral strike slip and reverse dip in the NNW-SSE direction, which, as described by Valencia Ortiz et al [32], generates a tilt with its activity that infers on the geometry of the hydrographic basins present on its stroke, it thus generates a tilt (asymmetry factor) in the direction of the kinematics of the fault. All these considerations within the study of susceptibility to mass movements guarantee a more complete analysis based on the variables contemplated that are directly related to the conditioning action of a mass movement, which guarantees the creation of a model more in line with the situation present in the environment [31,82].…”

“…The present tectonic context arises for the study region due to its proximity, and also due to its large amount of seismic activity. Taking into account the analysis generated by Valencia Ortiz et al [32], in which an estimate of the seismic productivity generated by the Bucaramanga Seismic Nest is made from a catalog of events between the years 1993 and 2021, it is observed that, for the region, a total of 524 events of magnitude 3 Mw, 42 events of magnitude 4 Mw and three events of magnitude 5 Mw can be generated per year. From this analysis and considering the seismic events that were not previously selected, a further evaluation was carried out, selecting the events of magnitude ≥5 Mw and depth >50 km (Table 2).…”

“…In this way, important elements can be provided for inclusion within the management of resources or for the planning and ordering of the territory, since possible causes such as mass movements and their effects can be correlated in a coherent way. This approach is established because the technique used (SBAS) is suitable for carrying out studies to measure and detect deformation with a non-linear variation in time, which is an important 3 of 25 characteristic that is also shared by mass movements, since they do not have a linear behavior in space and time [29][30][31][32].…”

Susceptibility of Landslide Debris Flow in Yanghe Township Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Information Extraction Technology (Sichuan, China)

“…Due to the challenges associated with implementing real-time manual ground investigations comprehensively, there is an urgent need to employ advanced and effective monitoring and investigation methods to mitigate the probability of geological disasters. [42][43][44]. Addressing the aforementioned challenges, this paper introduces a novel approach: a multi-source fusion monitoring and simulation technology combining short baseline interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) and optical remote sensing.…”