Morphomechanics of the humero‐ulnar joint: II. Concave incongruity determines the distribution of load and subchondral mineralization

Eckstein, F.; Merz, Beat; Müller‐Gerbl, Magdalena; Holzknecht, Nikolaus; Pleier, Markus; Putz, Reinhard

doi:10.1002/ar.1092430307

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This result extends earlier experimental (Eckstein et al, 1994a(Eckstein et al, , 1995bHillebrand et al, 1995) and computational (Eckstein et al, 1994b(Eckstein et al, , 1995c work in which the characteristic distribution pattern of subchondral bone density of the trochlear Fig. 4.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The current study shows that, if the natural incongruity of the humeroulnar joint (Bullough and Jagannath, 1983;Eckstein et al, 1993Eckstein et al, , 1995a is appropriately modeled, the formation of a subchondral bone plate can be predicted as can the typical bicentric distribution pattern of subchondral bone density reported for this joint (Tillmann, 1971(Tillmann, , 1978Eckstein et al, 1994aEckstein et al, , 1995c. This result extends earlier experimental (Eckstein et al, 1994a(Eckstein et al, , 1995bHillebrand et al, 1995) and computational (Eckstein et al, 1994b(Eckstein et al, , 1995c work in which the characteristic distribution pattern of subchondral bone density of the trochlear Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…It also has been found that the subchondral bone is not distributed homogeneously in the trochlear notch, but a higher density (Tillmann, 1971(Tillmann, , 1978Eckstein et al, 1994aEckstein et al, , 1995c and thickness (Milz et al, 1997) of subchondral bone can be found in the proximal and distal aspects of the joint as compared with the center. This finding applies particularly to joints with a divided articular surface, the most common type in elderly individuals according to Tillmann (1971Tillmann ( , 1978 and Oberlä nder et al (1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer simulation of subchondral bone adaptation to mechanical loading in an incongruous joint

Jacobs

Eckstein

1997

Anat. Rec.

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The results of the bone remodeling simulations are consistent with patterns of subchondral bone density determined experimentally. Furthermore, the solutions exhibited a high degree of uniqueness, were rather insensitive to changes in cartilage stiffness, moderately sensitive to number of applied loading cycles, and highly sensitive to loading magnitude. Tensile stresses seem to play a dominant role in subchondral bone remodeling due to bending in the subchondral bone plate. Thus, we conclude that, in the case of an incongruous joints with deeper sockets, the density of the subchondral bone cannot be regarded as a direct measure of the adjacent articular pressure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer simulation of subchondral bone adaptation to mechanical loading in an incongruous joint

Jacobs

Eckstein

1997

Anat. Rec.

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“…ticular surface is not flat but curved. Thus, depending on the increasing load, the contact area in the facet also seems to increase, i.e., there should be, in varying degrees, a change in congruity from the marginal contact to the whole area contact as is well known in the elbow joint (Eckstein et al, 1995). The third point of the basic morphologies, i.e., the advancement in the inferior articular process, appeared to be different from the conclusion of Swanepoel et al (1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Sato et al (2002) reported that, in their recent morphometrical study, the superior articular surface was almost always larger than the complementary inferior surface. In general, a wide and curved surface can distribute a load to the entire surface depending on amount of the load, whereas a small flat surface tends to concentrate it on a point (Eckstein et al, 1995;Gries et al, 2000). Thus, the inferior surface is likely to be affected more easily than the superior one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Portion in a Facet is Specifically Affected by Articular Cartilage Degeneration with Aging in the Human Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint?

Tanno

Oguma

Murakami

et al. 2003

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary: Using 10 osteoligamentous vertebral columns obtained from elderly donated cadavers, we describe in detail degenerative changes of the articular cartilage in lumbar zygapophysial joints to show which portion in a facet is specifically affected. Degenerative changes, including extended cartilage defects, occurred in multiple facets of every specimen. The results demonstrated 5 basic morphologies of degeneration, i.e., 1) marginal dominace in the articular surface, 2) lower segment dominance except for the lowest (L5/S) facet, 3) advancement in the inferior articular process, 4) cranial and caudal dominance rather than the dorsal dominance in the articular surface and 5) progress in a mirror-image manner. These rules seemed to be consistent with differences in size, shape and kinesiological aspects of the facet between segments and between portions in a facet.

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Thickness distribution of the subchondral mineralization zone of the trochlear notch and its correlation with the cartilage thickness: an expression of functional adaptation to mechanical stress acting on the humeroulnar joint?

Milz¹,

Eckstein²,

Putz³

1997

Anat. Rec.

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Background: The thickness of cortical bone and the density of cancellous bone have been shown to reflect local mechanical stress. However, little is known whether this also applies to the thickness of the subchondral mineralization zone (SMZ). Since the humeroulnar joint may be regarded as a model of bicentric load transmission, we examined the thickness distribution of the SMZ of the trochlear notch. Methods Fourteen trochlear notches were examined. Eight joint surfaces of these ulnae were completely divided, 4 incompletely subdivided, and 2 remained undivided. After embedding, sagittal sections were prepared. The thickness distributions of SMZ and cartilage were measured, graphically reconstructed, and the correlation between the two calculated for each joint. Results The thickness of the SMZ lies between 120 and 1,400 μm. Regular patterns were observed with ventral and dorsal maxima, with close correlation between the type of joint and the thickness distribution of the SMZ. The cartilage thickness varied between 350 and 2,000 μm. The pattern of cartilage thickness differed significantly from that of the SMZ. The mean correlation coefficient between SMZ and cartilage thickness was 0.3. Conclusions The SMZ thickness depends upon the type of joint and appears to be an expression of the local loading history of the SMZ. The bicentric transmission of force at the humeroulnar joint is reflected in the bicentric distribution of SMZ thickness. A possible explanation for the different distributions of SMZ and cartilage could be the differing types of local mechanical stress acting on bone and cartilage, and/or the different reactions of osteocytes and chondrocytes. Anat. Rec. 248:189–197, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Morphomechanics of the humero‐ulnar joint: II. Concave incongruity determines the distribution of load and subchondral mineralization

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Computer simulation of subchondral bone adaptation to mechanical loading in an incongruous joint

Computer simulation of subchondral bone adaptation to mechanical loading in an incongruous joint

Which Portion in a Facet is Specifically Affected by Articular Cartilage Degeneration with Aging in the Human Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint?

Thickness distribution of the subchondral mineralization zone of the trochlear notch and its correlation with the cartilage thickness: an expression of functional adaptation to mechanical stress acting on the humeroulnar joint?

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