Morphology, thermo-mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity of nanostructured epoxy thermosets modified with PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer

Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar; Sidhardhan, Sisanth Krishnan; Harikrishnan, P.; Pionteck, Jürgen; Siengchin, Suchart; Unni, Aparna Beena; Magueresse, Anthony; Grohens, Yves; Hameed, Nishar; Jose, Seno

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.01.029

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Brittleness can be reduced substantially by the incorporation of a second phase to the matrix . A wide range of materials like rubber, hyperbranched polymers, core–shell particles, nanomaterials, and block copolymers are being used to toughen the matrix . Among these materials, nanofillers are effective in enhancing mechanical properties and hence are employed as a toughening material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide as a Prospective Graft in Polyethylene Glycol for Enhancing the Toughness of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Jayan

Saritha

Deeraj

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was successfully grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) by the “grafting to” technique. PEG, GO as well as the PEG grafted GO (GO‐g‐PEG) was successfully incorporated into an epoxy matrix and subsequently cured using diethylenetoluenediamine (DETDA) to make epoxy nanocomposites. Mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were studied to check the effectiveness of these fillers in the epoxy matrix. An improvement of 255% and 334% at a very low filler loading of about 0.1 wt% was observed in the fracture toughness of GO and GO‐g‐PEG loaded systems versus the neat epoxy. Toughening mechanisms are also explained by analyzing SEM images of the fractured surface. Modeling of rheological properties was carried out by following time‐independent Newtonian model. The homogeneity of the epoxy filler systems are explained with the help of Cole–Cole plots. The thermal stability of the filler loaded epoxy composites was examined in detail by TGA. Improvements in mechanical properties reveal the potential benefit of the grafting process in epoxy toughening. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:773–781, 2020. © 2020 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide as a Prospective Graft in Polyethylene Glycol for Enhancing the Toughness of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Jayan

Saritha

Deeraj

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The heat of reaction increased for EPE-modified epoxy resins. This may be due to a greater extent of exothermic curing reactions, as previously found by Parameswaranpillai et al [14]. When untreated or treated GO or GNP is added, the heat of reaction decreases compared to EP/EPE mixtures probably due to some exfoliation of the nanofillers aided by the triblock copolymer, creating a percolation network through which curing reactions are hindered.…”

Section: Rheology and Curing Behavior Of Epoxymentioning

confidence: 54%

“…PEO crystalline blocks are miscible in the epoxy matrix due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, whereas the PPO blocks remain immiscible. The PPO blocks in turn yield macrophase separated epoxy blends, resulting in increased toughness, while the miscible PEO blocks limit PPO phase separation, forming nanostructures within the resin [14,15]. The use of PEO-PPO-PEO is well established in the literature for both polyester and epoxy resins, with gains in fracture toughness and impact properties at only 5 wt% [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbonaceous nanofillers and triblock copolymers on the toughness of epoxy resin

2020

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The toughening of epoxy resins is a relatively recent trend in composite technology. The use of rigid carbonaceous fillers or plasticizing additives is well established in the literature, but their combined use and their effect on thermal or mechanical properties of composites is hardly studied. The aim of this work is to investigate the combination of neat and silane-treated carbonaceous fillers (graphene oxide (GO) or graphite nanoplatelets (GNP)) with poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)poly(ethylene oxide) (EPE) triblock copolymers. The viscosity and curing behavior of the resin, as well as the dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties of the composites, were evaluated. Addition of EPE and GO slightly increased viscosity of the epoxy resin, and EPE acted as coupling and exfoliating agent of GO and GNP. EPE/GO-modified epoxy showed the lowest storage modulus and cross-link density, displaying in turn a more pronounced effect on impact strength and fracture toughness without sacrificing tensile and thermal properties. Treatment with APTES did not cause a significant effect on the composite properties.

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“…It was reported that the toughness was improved by 60% at a level of 10 wt % of CTBN [17]. The toughness improvement of modified epoxy systems with tetra-carbamates was also higher than those of the reported epoxy systems with triblocks and diblocks of PPO and PEO [31,35,38]. The strong interfacial bonding between separated tetra-carbamates microphases and the cured epoxy matrix is speculated to positively support the great dissipation of energy due to the hydrogen bonding between four carbamates groups of –NHCOO– and enough cured hydroxyl –OH within the epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PPG-Terminated Tetra-Carbamates as the Toughening Additive for Bis-A Epoxy Resin

Zhang

Chen

2019

Polymers

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We synthesized PPG-terminated tetra-carbamates as a new toughening additive for epoxy thermosets through facile addition reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) with poly(tetra-methylene glycols) (PTMG) and poly(propylene glycols) (PPG). The effects of prepared tetra-carbamates on the rheological behavior of neat epoxy resin were studied along with the various cured properties of their modified epoxy systems. Four carbamate groups (–NHCOO–) endow the prepared additives not only with good intramolecular interactions, but also with optimal intermolecular interactions with epoxy polymers. This results in the suitable miscibility of the additives with the epoxy matrix for the formation of the typical biphasic structure of microparticles dispersed in the epoxy matrix via polymerization-induced microphase separation. The impact strength and critical stress concentration factor (KIC) of cured modified epoxy systems with the additives are significantly higher than those of unmodified epoxy systems, without sacrificing the processability (Tg) and flexural strength. The toughening mechanism is understood as a synergism combination among the phase separation mechanism, the in situ homogeneous toughening mechanism, and the particle cavitation mechanism.

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Morphology, thermo-mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity of nanostructured epoxy thermosets modified with PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Graphene Oxide as a Prospective Graft in Polyethylene Glycol for Enhancing the Toughness of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Graphene Oxide as a Prospective Graft in Polyethylene Glycol for Enhancing the Toughness of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Effect of carbonaceous nanofillers and triblock copolymers on the toughness of epoxy resin

PPG-Terminated Tetra-Carbamates as the Toughening Additive for Bis-A Epoxy Resin

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