Morphology of metal phthalocyanine thin films

Abstract

Thin films of nickel phthalocyanine and copper phthalocyanine were deposited on substrates heated to 160 °C. These films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and thickness and density measurements. The films were 1000–1500 Å thick and contained α phase crystallites with the stacking axis parallel to the substrate surface. Implications for electrical properties of the films are discussed.

Alternating current conduction properties of thermally evaporated α-nickel phthalocyanine thin films: Effects of oxygen doping and thermal annealing

“…Indexing of the films was successfully performed assuming a monoclinic crystalline system 12 in which the three crystal axes are of unequal lengths, having one of their intersections oblique and the other two at right angles. 13 In the contrary, for the asevaporated and annealed films a single strong reflection peak is observed with experimental data being in better agreement with the tetragonal rather than the monoclinic crystal structure. From the full-width and half maximum of the first diffraction peak, for both as-deposited and annealed film, an estimate of the crystalline cluster approximately 32.5 nm was calculated using the Scherrer equation.…”

Studies on the Optical Properties and Surface Morphology of Nickel Phthalocyanine Thin Films

“…The most common polymorphic crystal phases occur in phthalocyanines are and , that have two crystallite structures. The phase is metastable and obtained either as a polycrystalline powder or as a thin film deposited on a cold substrate in vacuum 23,24 . The phase can be obtained in single crystal form or as a thin film formed by deposition of phthalocyanine on heated substrates 23 , which are thermodynamically stable 24 .…”

Metal phthalocyanines: thin-film formation, microstructure, and physical properties

“…96,97,99 The polymorphic character of MPcs was rst reported by Hamm and Norman in 1948 for CuPc 102 and has since been extensively studied in a number of MPcs. 33,101,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109] MPcs are known to exists in various polymorphic forms identied as a, b, g, d, 3, and x-phases with the metastable a-phase and stable bphase being the most common and commercially signicant. 94,100,101 The phase transition from a to b occurs in most MPc thin-lms through exposure to temperature (200-300 C) 97,99,100,104 or organic solvents, 110,111 and is characterized by a change in tilt angle between planes and the degree of pelectron overlap (Fig.…”