Morphology of bone development and bone remodeling in embryonic chick limbs

Pechak, David G.; Kujawa, Mary J.; Caplan, Arnold I.

doi:10.1016/8756-3282(86)90005-0

Cited by 94 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It can be speculated that calcification of cartilage is associated with nearby induction of osteoblasts. The induction of cartilage and bone is a synchronized process that recapitulates endochondral ossification described by Pechak and Caplan [24]. In their study of the development of long bone in chicken embryos, the cartilage core was replaced by marrow, not bone, following its invasion by vasculature and perivascular tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue reactions to particles of bone‐substitute materials in intraosseous and heterotopic sites in rats: discrimination of osteoinduction, osteocompatibility, and inflammation

Eid

Zelicof

Perona

et al. 2001

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Two rat models were used to characterize tissue-specific reactions to particles of bone-substitute materials: one for osteocompatibility in a healing tibial wound and the other in a heterotopic, subcutaneous site. Small, unicortical tibial wounds in rats healed spontaneously, beginning with the rapid proliferation of intramedullary woven bone. That temporary bone was resorbed by osteoclasts and finally, the cortical wound was healed with lamcllar bone and the medullary space was repopulated with marrow. When various particulate materials were implanted into fresh wounds, three types of reactions were observed. (1) Demineralized bone powder (DBP) and non-resorbable calcium phosphate (nrCP) were incorporated into the reactive medullary and cortical bone.(2) Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles were surrounded with a fibrous layer, but did not impair bone healing. (3) Polyethylene (PE) shards and resorbable calcium phosphates (rCPs) were inflammatory and inhibited osseous repair.Subcutaneous sites showed osteoinductive, fibrotic, or inflammatory responses to these materials. Only DBP induced endochondral osteogenesis subcutaneously. The nrCP evoked a fibrous reaction. In contrast, rCPs, PMMA, and PE shards generated inflammatory reactions with each particle being surrounded by fibrous tissue and large multinucleated giant cells.In conclusion, only DBP showed osteoinductive as well as osteocompatible properties. The nrCP was osteocompatible. The rCPs stimulated various degrees of inflammatory responses. PMMA was osteocompatible and did not interfere with the bone healing process. PE was not osteocompatible and generated foreign body reactions in both sites. Use of the two sites distinguishes osteoinductive, osteocompatible, and inflammatory properties of particles of bonc-substitute materials. 0

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue reactions to particles of bone‐substitute materials in intraosseous and heterotopic sites in rats: discrimination of osteoinduction, osteocompatibility, and inflammation

Eid

Zelicof

Perona

et al. 2001

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…The process begins with a condensation of mesenchymal cells, followed by controlled proliferation, and subsequent differentiation initially into mature chondrocytes and then into hypertrophic cells (Fell and Canti, 1934;Goetinck, 1991;Linsenmayer et al, 1973;Pechak et al, 1986;Reddi, 1995;Searls et al, 1972). Chondrocyte differentiation in the developing long bone is under strict positional and temporal regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of multiple genes during articular chondrocyte redifferentiation

Haudenschild¹,

McPherson²,

Tubo³

et al. 2001

Anat. Rec.

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Articular chondrocytes undergo a rapid change in phenotype and gene expression, termed dedifferentiation, when isolated from cartilage tissue and cultured on tissue culture plastic. On the other hand, "redifferentiation" of articular chondrocytes in suspension culture is characterized by decreased cellular proliferation and the reinitiation of synthesis of hyaline articular cartilage extracellular matrix molecules. The molecular triggers for these events have yet to be defined. Subtracted cDNA libraries representing genes involved in the early events of adult human articular chondrocyte redifferentiation were generated from human articular chondrocytes that were first cultured in monolayer, and subsequently transferred to suspension culture at 10 6 cells/ml for redifferentiation. Differential regulation of genes involved in cellular organization, nuclear structure, cellular growth regulation, and extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling were observed within 48 hr of this transfer. Many of these genes had not been previously identified in the chondrocyte differentiation pathway and a number of the isolated cDNAs did not have homologies to sequences in the public data banks. Genes involved in IL-6 signal transduction including acute phase response factor (APRF), Mn superoxide dismutase, and IL-6 itself were up-regulated in suspension culture. Membrane glycoprotein gp130, a component of the IL-6 receptor, was down-regulated. Other genes involved in cell polarity, cell adherence, apoptosis, and possibly TGF-beta signaling were differentially regulated. The differential regulation of the cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) during the early stages of articular chondrocyte redifferentiation, decreasing within 48 hours of transfer to suspension culture, was particularly interesting given its reported role in the stimulation of cellular proliferation. CTGF was highly expressed in proliferative monolayer culture, and then greatly reduced by redifferentiation in standard high-density suspension culture. When articular chondrocytes were seeded in suspension at low-density (10 4 cells/ml), however, high levels of CTGF were observed along with increased levels of mature articular cartilage extracellular matrix protein RNAs, such as type II collagen and aggrecan. Although the role of CTGF in articular cartilage biology remains to be elucidated, the results described here demonstrate the potential utility of subtractive hybridization in understanding the process of articular chondrocyte redifferentiation. Anat Rec 263: [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] 2001.

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“…The periosteum is important in bone growth commenced by intramembranous ossification (Taylor, 1992). Previous studies reported that during embryonic and neonatal bone growth, periosteal cells that have started to differentiate to osteoblasts show some marker molecules characteristic of osteoblastic lineage, e.g., type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, insulin-like growth factors-1 and 2, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 2 and 7, and BMP receptors (Ishidou et al, 1995;Lyons et al, 1989;Pechak et al, 1986;Shinar et al, 1993;Vukicevic et al, 1994;Weinreb et al, 1990). The periosteum also plays a vital role in the bone remodeling process, where osteoblasts have been suggested to differ-entiate from the osteogenic layer after bone resorption by osteoclasts and deposit the osteoid and calcified bone matrices (Jacobsen, 1997; Van et al, 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoblastic differentiation of periosteum‐derived cells is promoted by the physical contact with the bone matrix in vivo

et al. 2001

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The periosteum contains osteoprogenitors that differentiate to osteoblasts in bone growth or repair. Our previous studies suggested the hypothesis that the physical contact of the periosteum with the bone matrix is requisite for the differentiation of osteoblasts. To test the hypothesis, the present study was designed to investigate how the contact between the periosteum and the bone matrix influences the osteoblastic differentiation of periosteal cells with establishing a new experimental model in vivo. Differentiation of osteoblasts was assessed by gene expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein using in situ hybridization. A barrier was designed to prevent periosteal cells from contacting the bone matrix using the membrane filter. The membrane filter was inserted surgically between the surface of rat parietal bone and the periosteum after being punched out with pin holes. Periosteal cells were allowed to contact with the bone surface only through the pin holes. The pin hole was filled with cells derived from the periosteum 1 week after inserting the filter. Differentiation of osteoblasts in week 2 and noticeable bone formation in week 3 were identified on the bone surface only under the pin hole but not under the filter. The present study demonstrated that the physical contact with the bone matrix promotes osteoblastic differentiation of periosteumderived cells in vivo. Anat Rec 264:72-81, 2001.

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Morphology of bone development and bone remodeling in embryonic chick limbs

Cited by 94 publications

References 23 publications

Tissue reactions to particles of bone‐substitute materials in intraosseous and heterotopic sites in rats: discrimination of osteoinduction, osteocompatibility, and inflammation

Tissue reactions to particles of bone‐substitute materials in intraosseous and heterotopic sites in rats: discrimination of osteoinduction, osteocompatibility, and inflammation

Differential expression of multiple genes during articular chondrocyte redifferentiation

Osteoblastic differentiation of periosteum‐derived cells is promoted by the physical contact with the bone matrix in vivo

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