Morphology, molecular phylogeny and azaspiracid profile of Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) from the Gulf of Mexico

Luo, Zhaohe; Krock, Bernd; Mertens, Kenneth Neil; Price, Andrea; Turner, R. Eugene; Rabalais, Nancy N.; Gu, Haifeng

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.006

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…This feature thus seems to be of little diagnostic values. Occurrence of Azadinium poporum has been reported from the North Sea, from East Asia, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, from the Gulf of Mexico, Western Mediterranean Sea, French Atlantic and Pacific USA (Potvin et al, 2011;Tillmann et al, 2011;Gu et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2016;Luo et al, 2016;Tillmann et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2017;Luo et al, 2017a;Tillmann et al, 2017b). Here its distribution is extended to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea for the first time, further supporting the view that A. poporum is a widely distributed species.…”

Section: Morphology and Biogeography Of A Poporumsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…For A. poporum strains outside China, the AZA profiles are relatively uniform. AZA-37 is the only AZA reported yet in European Atlantic strains , whereas only AZA-2 (and low levels of AZA-2 phosphate) were detected in strains from Gulf of Mexico, Corsica of France and Argentina (Luo et al, 2016;Tillmann et al, 2016;Luo et al, 2017a). Likewise, only AZA-11 (and two phosphorylated AZA) were detected in Chilean strains (Tillmann et al, 2017b), and AZA-59 was the sole AZA detected in strains from Washington State, USA (Kim et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Strains Ribotypes AZA AZA-40 (fg cell −1 ) AZA-40 P (fg cell −1 ) AZA-2 (fg cell −1 ) AZA-2 P (fg cell −1 ) AZA-11 (fg cell −1 ) AZA-59 (fg cell −1 ) The high genetic differentiation among sympatric A. poporum strains in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is in contrast to the fact that A. poporum strains from distant areas share identical sequences. For example, A. poporum strains from Denmark and New Zealand share identical LSU rDNA sequences (Smith et al, 2016) and Greek A. poporum ribotype C share identical LSU rDNA sequences with that of Gulf of Mexico strain (Luo et al, 2016). This might be explained by recent dispersal through ballast water, which is especially possible for species with a cyst stage (Hallegraeff, 1998).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AZA-2 is the most widespread AZA and is found in A. spinosum, A. poporum and Amphidoma languida (Tillmann et al, 2009;Krock et al, 2014;Tillmann et al, 2017a). In A. poporum strains it was reported from the Gulf of Mexico (Luo et al, 2016), the South Atlantic , the Northwest Pacific (Krock et al, 2014), the Southwest Pacific (Tillmann et al, 2017b), and recently also from the ribotype A strain from Corsica, Mediterranean (Luo et al, 2017a). Another AZA produced by Greek strains, AZA-11, has up to now been reported from the Pacific region (China and Chile) (Krock et al, 2014;Tillmann et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Aza Profiles Of Greek a Poporummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympatric occurrence of two Azadinium poporum ribotypes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2018

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The marine dinoflagellate Azadinium poporum produce azaspiracids (AZA) and has been recorded widely in the world. However, information on its biogeography is still limited, especially in view of the fact that A. poporum comprises several genetically differentiated groups. A total of 18 strains of A. poporum were obtained from the Eastern Mediterranean area by incubating surface sediment collected from Ionian Sea of Greece. The morphology of these strains was examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were obtained from all cultured strains. Molecular phylogeny based on concatenated SSU, LSU and ITS sequences confirmed three ribotypes within A. poporum and revealed two subclades within ribotypes A and C. Greek strains of A. poporum ribotype A were nested within ribotype A2 together with strains from Western Mediterranean Sea and French Atlantic, and Greek strains of A. poporum ribotype C were nested within ribotype C2 together with a strain from the Gulf of Mexico. Growth experiments on four selected strains revealed that ribotypes A and C from Greece differed in their growth at higher temperatures, indicating that they are physiologically differentiated. Azaspiracid profiles were analyzed for 15 cultured A. poporum strains using LCMS/MS and demonstrate that the A. poporum ribotype A from Greece produce low level or no AZA and A. poporum ribotype C from Greece produces predominantly AZA-40 (9.6-30.2 fg cell) followed by AZA-2 (2.1-2.6 fg cell). The first record of AZA-40 producing A. poporum from the Mediterranean suggests that this species is a potential source for azaspiracid contaminations in shellfish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Section: Morphology and Biogeography Of A Poporumsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aza Profiles Of Greek a Poporummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympatric occurrence of two Azadinium poporum ribotypes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2018

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“…Also related to South America, toxic isolates of Az. poporum were recently obtained from the south Atlantic (Argentina: ) and from the northern part (Gulf of Mexico: Luo et al 2016). On the Pacific side of South America, there has been only one record of a species determined as Az.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bloom of Azadinium polongum in coastal waters off Peru

Tillmann

Sánchez-Ramírez

Krock

et al. 2017

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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Resumen.-Las especies dinofíceas del género Azadinium son conocidas por la producción potencial de azaspirácidos (AZAs), un grupo de toxinas microalgales que pueden causar intoxicación a través de mariscos. El incremento de registros globales de Azadinium indican una distribución bastante amplia de este género, sin embargo los datos cuantitativos de abundancia de las especies de familia Amfidomataceae son difíciles de encontrar. Como parte del programa de monitoreo bio-oceanográfico en aguas costeras peruanas frente a Chancay, se detectó y muestreó en febrero de 2014 una floración densa de Azadinium, con una temperatura de agua de mar alrededor de 20,5 °C y una salinidad de 35. Este es el primer reporte de una floración de Azadinium en el océano Pacífico con densidades celulares de hasta un millón de células por litro causante de una decoloración del agua de mar. Usando microscopía electrónica de barrido, se determinó como taxón responsable a Azadinium polongum. Esta especie previamente había sido detectada sólo en las Islas Shetland (Atlántico norte), localidad tipo y descrita como no productora de AZA. La población observada en campo se ajustó al cultivo tipo Shetland en la mayoría de los aspectos morfológicos. Sin embargo, a diferencia de este tipo de cultivo de Az. polongum, la primera placa intercalar de la población observada en el Pacífico, en ningún caso, estuvo en contacto con la primera placa precingular. Más aún, el tamaño y la forma de la segunda placa intercalar fue ligeramente diferente y muy variable en la población del Pacífico, ocurriendo en casi igual abundancia en configuración cuadra (es decir, en contacto con cuatro placas) o configuración penta (en contacto con cinco placas), un rasgo no reportado para el cultivo tipo de Az. polongum. La cromatografía líquida acoplada con espectrometría de masa no detectó AZA por encima del nivel de detección en la muestra de la floración, indicando que la especie peruana de Az. polongum puede considerarse como no productora de AZA. Palabras clave: Floración algal, Azadinium, PerúAbstract.-Species of the dinophycean genus Azadinium are known for their potential production of azaspiracids (AZAs), a group of microalgal toxins that can cause shellfish poisoning. Increase of global Azadinium records indicates a rather wide distribution, but quantitative abundance data of species of Amphidomataceae are hardly available. Within the Peruvian bio-oceanographic monitoring program we detected and sampled a dense bloom of Azadinium in Peruvian coastal waters off Chancay in February 2014 at a water temperature of about 20.5 °C and a salinity of 35. With water discoloration and cell densities of Azadinium up to 1 million cells per liter this is the first Azadinium bloom record for the Pacific. The causative taxon was determined using scanning electron microscopy as Azadinium polongum, a species previously recorded only from the type locality, the Shetland Islands (north Atlantic) and described as non-AZA producer. The field population conformed to the Shetland type cultu...

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Occurrence, spatial distribution, and partitioning behavior of marine lipophilic phycotoxins in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

Ruan²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

Environmental Pollution

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Morphology, molecular phylogeny and azaspiracid profile of Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) from the Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Sympatric occurrence of two Azadinium poporum ribotypes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Sympatric occurrence of two Azadinium poporum ribotypes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

A bloom of Azadinium polongum in coastal waters off Peru

Occurrence, spatial distribution, and partitioning behavior of marine lipophilic phycotoxins in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

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