Morphology development in immiscible polymer blends: initial blend morphology and phase dimensions

Willemse, R.C.; Ramaker, E.J.J.; Dam, J. van; Boer, A. Posthuma De

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00038-5

Cited by 88 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This observation agrees with previous studies by other researchers. [31,32,34,35] One might notice that the shape of the holes in the matrix left by dissolving the dispersed phase does not exactly match the morphology obtained from the dispersed phase. For example, at location 5, the matrix shows elongated drops but the dispersed phase shows cylinders and ribbons as the dominant shapes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology Development of Polymer Blends in Extruder: The Effects of Compatibilization and Rotation Rate

Li¹,

Sundararaj²

2009

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The effects of reactive compatibilization and extruder rotation rate on morphology development of polymer blends are studied. Morphology develops faster in compatibilized blends than that in their uncompatibilized counterparts. Based on force analysis, it has been proved that compatibilization facilitates dispersion by reducing slip at the interface of polymer phases. Rotation rate influences the morphology development of polymer blends by changing the residence time of polymers in the extruder. For uncompatibilized blends, the 400 rpm run results in finer microstructure at the outlet of the extruder than the 1 000 rpm run. Compatibilization suppresses this effect by reaching a steady‐state morphology before the outlet and results in similar microstructure for the 400 and 1 000 rpm runs.magnified image

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology Development of Polymer Blends in Extruder: The Effects of Compatibilization and Rotation Rate

Li¹,

Sundararaj²

2009

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Towards this design, two different approaches have been used most widely: the blending of two different polymers, or the formation of block copolymers[9–11]. When blending partially miscible prepolymers, heterogeneous morphology is controlled by the apparatus used for mixing, the rate or time used thereof, as well as the relative viscosities of each component[10, 12, 13]. Blending requires a large physical input to effectively distribute the components, and often needs to be performed at elevated temperatures[10, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of linear prepolymers to tailor heterogeneous network formation through photo-initiated polymerization-induced phase separation

Szczepanski

Stansbury

2015

Polymer

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Polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) was studied in ambient photopolymerizations of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) modified by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The molecular weight of PMMA and the rate of network formation (through incident UV-irradiation) were varied to influence both the promotion of phase separation through increases in overall free energy, as well as the extent to which phase development occurs during polymerization through diffusion prior to network gelation. The overall free energy of the polymerizing system increases with PMMA molecular weight, such that PIPS is promoted thermodynamically at low loading levels (5 wt%) of a higher molecular weight PMMA (120 kDa), while a higher loading level (20 wt%) is needed to induce PIPS with lower PMMA molecular weight (11 kDa), and phase separation was not promoted at any loading level tested of the lowest molecular weight PMMA (1 kDa). Due to these differences in overall free energy, systems modified by PMMA (11 kDa) underwent phase separation via Nucleation and Growth, and systems modified by PMMA (120 kDa), followed the Spinodal Decomposition mechanism. Despite differences in phase structure, all materials form a continuous phase rich in TEGDMA homopolymer. At high irradiation intensity (Io=20mW/cm2), the rate of network formation prohibited significant phase separation, even when thermodynamically preferred. A staged curing approach, which utilizes low intensity irradiation (Io=300µW/cm2) for the first ~50% of reaction to allow phase separation via diffusion, followed by a high intensity flood-cure to achieve a high degree of conversion, was employed to form phase-separated networks with reduced polymerization stress yet equivalent final conversion and modulus.

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“…Such similar devices have been developed previously [3,4], particularly to control the fibrillar morphology of thermoplastic/LCP blends. Willemse et al [5] used such a device to study the morphology evolution and stability of blends of PS and PE. A previous study [1] has shown that the type of morphology and the phase dimensions can be controlled by varying the initial coextruded structures and the number and the type of mixing elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of polymer blend morphologies during extrusion in a flat die

Sollogoub

Guinault²

2009

Int J Mater Form

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. ABSTRACT:The control of blend morphologies during process is of prime importance in order to predict the final properties of polymer blends. A coextrusion technique combined with static mixers was developed in order to smartly blend polymeric melts and to optimize the blend morphologies during the flow in static mixers [1]. The aim of this paper is to study the evolution of those blend morphologies during extrusion in a flat die. The effect of the viscosity ratio and the interfacial tension are also investigated. The experimental observations are confronted with numerical simulation results.

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Morphology development in immiscible polymer blends: initial blend morphology and phase dimensions

Cited by 88 publications

References 22 publications

Morphology Development of Polymer Blends in Extruder: The Effects of Compatibilization and Rotation Rate

Morphology Development of Polymer Blends in Extruder: The Effects of Compatibilization and Rotation Rate

Modification of linear prepolymers to tailor heterogeneous network formation through photo-initiated polymerization-induced phase separation

Evolution of polymer blend morphologies during extrusion in a flat die

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