Morphology and SSR fingerprinting of newly developed Cynara cardunculus genotypes exploitable as ornamentals

Abstract

The species Cynara cardunculus includes the globe artichoke (var. scolymus), the cultivated cardoon (var. altilis) and the wild cardoon (var. sylvestris). The three taxa are sexually compatible and originate fertile F 1 progenies, which, given the high heterozygosity of the species, are highly segregating. We report the characterization of two F 1 populations, one bred from a cross between globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon, and the other between globe artichoke and wild cardoon. Both populations featured a wide array of phenotypes in relation to several traits, and some of the newly developed genotypes are of interest for the ornamental market. The two populations were genotyped at 50 microsatellite (SSR) loci: in the globe artichoke 9 wild cardoon and globe artichoke 9 cultivated cardoon progenies 116 and 97 alleles were respectively detected. SSR pattern scores were used to produce an UPGMA dendrogram and a PCoA plot. A set of nine SSR loci, evenly dispersed across the genome, was shown to be sufficient to unambiguously identify each segregant. The molecular fingerprinting is useful for establishing the true to type correspondence of propagative materials in nurseries and ensures the effective correspondence between the real and the declared identity of a clone.

New genetic maps for globe artichoke and wild cardoon and their alignment with an SSR-based consensus map

“…The high level of inbreeding depression experienced by C. cardunculus (Cravero et al 2002) prevents either backcross, F 2 or recombinant inbreed line populations being used for mapping quantitative traits, so instead the double pseudo-testcross approach was taken, as also successfully used by Lanteri et al (2006), Portis et al (2009) and Sonnante et al (2011). Mapping population individuals obtained from other globe artichoke x wild cardoon crosses have been shown to vary widely with respect to both quantitative and qualitative characters (Sonnate et al 2011;Lanteri et al 2012), confirming that a high level of heterozygosity has been retained in both wild and cultivated germplasm (Portis et al 2005a(Portis et al , 2005bMauro et al 2009Mauro et al , 2012). …”

Alcachofra (Cynara Cardunculus [var. Scolymus (l) Fiori]): alimento funcional e fonte de compostos promotores da saúde

“…Esse gênero é constituído por um complexo de oito espécies, entre estas, a espécie Cynara cardunculus L. classificada por Lineu; Rottenberg e Zohary (1996) e Rottenberg, Zoharu e Nevo (1996) A Alcachofra é utilizada em regiões do Mediterrâneo desde o século IV A.C. como alimento e também para uso medicinal. Cultivada inicialmente pelos árabes, em decorrência do processo de domesticação e da pressão de seleção exercida pelos agricultores, a cultura foi adquirindo novas características, como capítulos e folhas maiores e sem espinhos, com forma e coloração variada, o que caracteriza a grande diversidade encontrada hoje (COINTRY et al, 1999;MAURO et al, 2009 , 2007;MAURO et al, 2009;CECCARELLI et al, 2010;MAURO et al, 2012).…”

“…Nesse contexto, desde a antiguidade, faz parte da dieta de muitos países onde é consumida in natura ou industrializada e também na forma de chás e medicamentos fitoterápicos (LANTERI et al, 2004;LANTERI e PORTIS, 2008;LANTERI et al, 2012;MAURO et al, 2012).…”

“…Sendo a Itália o maior produtor mundial seguida pela Espanha, França e Grécia, neste ranking a Argentina encontra-se como quinto país com maior produção. No Brasil é cultivada nas regiões Sul (Rio Grande do Sul) e Sudeste (São Paulo), porém em quantidades não significativas a nível mundial (DONIDA, 2004;SONNANTE, PIGNONE e HAMMER, 2007;MAURO et al, 2009;MORAES et al, 2010;MAURO et al, 2012).…”

Phenotypic variability in a population of globe artichoke

“…Variability in the population assessed may be attributable to the high rate or segregation observed in allogamous plants in sexual propagation and expresses the potential of this population in responding to the selection, allowing signifi cant genetic gains. According to LANTERI et al (2011), the artichoke's heterozygotic nature produces a great variety of phenotypes, mainly in cross-breeding results, and it can be exploited in genetic breeding when single plants with superior characters are to be selected.…”