Morphology and Morphogenesis of Experimentally Induced Small Intestinal Tumors

Höhn, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67292-7_2

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 149 publications

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“…Since the adenoma-carcinoma sequence is a well recognised pathway of carcinogenesis in different sections of the GI tract (e.g. Höhn, 1979;McConnell et al, 1986;Vogelstein et al, 1988;Spigelmann et al, 1994;and Dr. M. Iezzi 17 and Dr. M. Piantelli 17 , 2013, personal communication), the CONTAM Panel performed a dose-response evaluation for the neoplastic activity of sodium dichromate dihydrate in the small intestine in mice by considering both, a) the incidence of adenoma or carcinoma) and b) the incidence of carcinoma only at the three sites of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (combined). The incidence of adenoma or carcinoma and the incidence of carcinoma only exhibited a statistically significant dose-response relationship in both sexes (poly-3 test for trend for adenoma or carcinoma (p < 0.001) and for carcinoma in females (p < 0.001) and for carcinoma in males (p < 0.05) Since the dose ranges, the range of the observed carcinoma incidences and the shape of the dose-response were comparable in both sexes the CONTAM Panel performed also for the data of the small intestine a dose-response evaluation of males and females combined in the same way as described above for the oral cavity.…”

Section: Assessment Of Neoplastic Effects Of Cr(vi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

2014

EFS2

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EFSA received a request from the Hellenic Food Authority for a scientific opinion on estimation of the risk to human health from the presence of chromium (Cr) in food, particularly in vegetables, and Cr(VI) in bottled water. The CONTAM Panel derived a TDI of 0.3 mg/kg b.w. per day for Cr(III) from the lowest NOAEL identified in an NTP chronic oral toxicity study in rats. Under the assumption that all chromium in food is Cr(III), the mean and 95th percentile dietary exposure across all age groups were well below the TDI and therefore does not raise concerns for public health. In the case of drinking water, the Panel considered all chromium in water as Cr(VI). For non‐neoplastic effects the lowest BMDL10 for diffuse epithelial hyperplasia of duodenum in female mice and the lowest BMDL05 for haematotoxicity in male rats in a 2‐year NTP study were selected as reference points. The MOEs indicate that for non‐neoplastic effects the current exposure levels to Cr(VI) via drinking water are of no concern for public health. For neoplastic effects, the CONTAM Panel selected a lowest BMDL10 for combined adenomas and carcinomas of the mouse small intestine as the reference point. Overall, the calculated MOEs indicate low concern regarding Cr(VI) intake via drinking water (water intended for human consumption and natural mineral waters) for all age groups when considering the mean chronic exposure values with the exception of infants at the upper bound (UB) exposure estimates. MOEs below 10 000 were calculated at the UB 95th percentile exposure estimates, particularly for ‘Infants’, ‘Toddlers’ and ‘Other children’, which were highly influenced by the relatively high occurrence values under the UB assumption. To improve the risk assessment, there is a need for data on the content of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in food and drinking water.

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Section: Assessment Of Neoplastic Effects Of Cr(vi)mentioning

confidence: 99%