Morphology and histology of the alimentary canal, salivary glands and Malpighian tubules in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae): a scanning electron and light microscopies study

Koçakoğlu, Nurcan Özyurt

doi:10.1007/s42690-021-00530-7

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, in some species, lobe numbers of principal salivary gland vary. Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pyrrhocoridae) have a quadrilobed principal gland as anterior, posterior, median, and lateral lobes (Baptist, 1941; Özyurt Koçakoğlu, 2021). The number of principal salivary gland lobes differs according to the species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heteroptera have different dietary habits with phytophagous, zoophagous, and hematophagous species, and this dietary diversity associated with the monophyly of Heteroptera makes these insects a good object for digestive system studies (Santos et al, 2017). For zoophagy and phytophagy, Heteroptera saliva compounds contribute to the understanding of the extra-oral digestion of these insects (Baptist, 1941; Ammar, 1986; Nunes & Camargo-Mathias, 2006; Anhê et al, 2021; Carvalho et al, 2021; Özyurt Koçakoğlu, 2021). The salivary glands are usually situated in the thorax lying on either side of the gut, but may lie in the head and may extend into the abdomen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In insects, including Heteroptera, the alimentary canal is between the mouth and anus and consists of three regions (a) the foregut, which stores, filters, and partially digests food; (b) the midgut, where digestion and absorption takes place, and (c) the hindgut, which functions in water absorption and homeostasis. The foregut and hindgut are lined with the cuticle, while the midgut is devoid of this structure (Candan et al, 2021; Dantas et al, 2021; Özyurt Koçakoğlu & Candan, 2021; Özyurt Koçakoğlu, 2021). In insect, the foregut generally consists of the buccal cavity, the pharynx, the esophagus, the crop (stores food), and the proventriculus or gizzard (grinds food).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In insect, the foregut generally consists of the buccal cavity, the pharynx, the esophagus, the crop (stores food), and the proventriculus or gizzard (grinds food). However, insects with piercing-sucking mouth type such as Heteroptera feed on plant sap, and they do not have crops (Özyurt Koçakoğlu, 2021). The midgut usually makes up the longest part of the gut and is sometimes referred to as the ventriculus or stomach (Kasap, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hindgut, which is the third region of the digestive system, generally consists of three parts: ileum, colon, and rectum in insect (Gullan & Cranston, 2005). However, in Heteroptera, the hindgut consists of two parts, the pylorus and the rectum (Özyurt Koçakoğlu, 2021). Malpighian tubules may appear to arise from the midgut, but they actually insert between the midgut and hindgut as ectodermal evaginations of the hindgut (Klowden, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Characterization of Salivary Glands, Alimentary Canal and Malpighian Tubules of the Red Shield Bug Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini, 1958 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Koçakoğlu

Candan

2022

Microsc Microanal

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In this study, the gut structure and excretory system of Carpocoris mediterraneus which is phytophagous insect, were described with light and electron microscopies and discussed in relation to other Heteroptera species. The salivary system has two principal and accessory salivary glands, two principal and accessory gland ducts. The salivary gland and duct wall have a single layer of cuboidal cells. The duct lumen is surrounded by a thick intima layer. In the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells are seen vesicles. The gut includes fore, mid, and hindguts. The foregut consists of a long narrow tubular pharynx which opens into a slightly wider esophagus. The esophagus is thin walled and in turn opens into the midgut. The midgut has four regions (V1–V4). V1–V4 walls have a monolayered epithelium. V1 epithelium is double-nucleated. V1 cytoplasm contains numerous vesicles, secretory granules, spherocrystals, and cytoplasmic inclusions. Rod-shaped bacteria are seen in V4 lumen. The hindgut has pylorus and rectum. Malpighian tubules were attached in the pylorus. Malpighian tubules have a single-layer cuboidal epithelium. In their lumen, there are spherocrystals. The rectum wall has a monolayer of squamous epithelium and muscle layer. Numerous bacteria and uric acid crystals are seen in its lumen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Characterization of Salivary Glands, Alimentary Canal and Malpighian Tubules of the Red Shield Bug Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini, 1958 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Koçakoğlu

Candan

2022

Microsc Microanal

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Morphological structure of salivary glands, alimentary canal, and Malpighian tubules in adult Eurydema spectabilisHorváth, 1882 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Arslan,

Candan

2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Eurydema spectabilis (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) has a piercing‐sucking mouth type and feeds on plant sap. In this study, the morphological structure of the salivary glands, alimentary canal, and Malpighian tubules of E. spectabilis was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Salivary glands consist of the principal and accessory salivary glands. In E. spectabilis, digestion begins in the mouth and ends in the anus. Alimentary canal is divided into three parts: foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The foregut consists of pharynx, esophagus, and proventriculus. The esophagus connects to the proventriculus and resembles a narrow tube. The wall of the proventriculus has a recessed structure and is surrounded by a single cylindrical layer of epithelium and muscle. The midgut is divided into three regions: the first, second, and third ventricles (V1‐V3). V1 and V2 consist of single‐layered cylindrical epithelium. V3 contains a single layer of cuboidal epithelium. Gastric caeca were found in the midgut. The hindgut consisted of a pylorus followed by a well‐developed rectum. The wall of the rectum consists of a single‐layer cuboidal epithelium and muscle. Its lumen contains numerous bacteria and uric acid crystals. The pylorus consists of a single‐layered cylindrical epithelium. It is also the origin of Malpighian tubules. Malpighian tubules consist of two regions: proximal and distal. The morphological structure of the salivary glands, alimentary canal, and Malpighian tubules of E. spectabilis, which has not been studied before, was examined and discussed in comparison with other orders. It is also aimed to contribute to future studies.Research Highlights In E. spectabilis, the salivary glands are divided into principal and accessory salivary glands. Microvilli and numerous secretory granules were found in Malpighian tubules. Numerous uric acid crystals and bacteria were found in the rectum lumen.

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LC‒MS/MS and transcriptome analyses reveal saliva components of the seed-feeding truebug Pyrrhocoris apterus

Lin,

Wu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Crop Health

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Saliva secretion is essential for successful feeding by piercing–sucking insects. Despite extensive studies of the saliva composition of phloem- and blood-feeding insects, less is known about the oral secretions of seed-feeding insects. The firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus is a polyphagous insect that feeds primarily on dry seeds of various plant species. Here, liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) was used to identify 165 P. apterus salivary proteins, including 110 gelling-specific proteins, 24 watery-specific proteins, and 31 proteins common to both groups. Transcriptomic analysis of saliva glands identified 567 potential salivary proteins, of which 87 overlapped with those detected by LC‒MS/MS. Comparative analysis showed that 98 out of 165 (59.4%) P. apterus saliva proteins were associated with extra-oral digestion and detoxification and had homologs in ten other species of arthropods examined. In addition, 67 proteins were specific to P. apterus, of which 22 proteins were defined with unknown functions. RNA interference-mediated gene silencing assays indicated that P. apterus-specific proteins were vital for P. apterus survival. Our findings shed light on the function of salivary proteins in feeding by seed-feeding insects and the evolution of feeding habits in piercing–sucking insects.

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Morphology and histology of the alimentary canal, salivary glands and Malpighian tubules in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae): a scanning electron and light microscopies study

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrastructural Characterization of Salivary Glands, Alimentary Canal and Malpighian Tubules of the Red Shield Bug Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini, 1958 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Ultrastructural Characterization of Salivary Glands, Alimentary Canal and Malpighian Tubules of the Red Shield Bug Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini, 1958 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Morphological structure of salivary glands, alimentary canal, and Malpighian tubules in adult Eurydema spectabilisHorváth, 1882 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

LC‒MS/MS and transcriptome analyses reveal saliva components of the seed-feeding truebug Pyrrhocoris apterus

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