Morphology and Curing Behaviors of Phenolic Resin-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt Intercalation

Choi, Min Ho; Chung, In Jae; Lee, Jong Doo

doi:10.1021/cm000227t

Cited by 120 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Therefore, a limited number of attempts have been made to understand layered silicates in PF resins. Early studies on organoclay reinforced linear novolac PF resin nanocomposite demonstrated that the structural affinities between the clay modifier and the polymer enhance intercalation (Choi et al, 2000;. The same research group also reported an ideal silicate concentration of 3% which greatly improved tensile strength, tensile modulus, toughness, and elongation-at-break (Byun et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal Curing Behavior and Tensile Properties of Resole Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin/Clay/Cellulose Nanocomposite

Park

Kadla²

2012

Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

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This study investigated the effects of layered clay on the thermal curing behavior and tensile properties of resole phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin/clay/cellulose nanocomposites. The thermal curing behavior of the nanocomposite was characterized using conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature modulated (TMDSC). The addition of clay was found to accelerate resin curing, as measured by peak temperature (Tp) and heat of reaction (ΔH) of the nanocomposite' curing reaction increasing clay addition decreased Tp with a minimum at 3∼5% clay. However, the reversing heat flow and heat capacity showed that the clay addition up to 3% delayed the vitrification process of the resole PF resin in the nanocomposite, indicating an inhibition effect of the clay on curing in the later stages of the reaction. Three different methods were employed to determineactivation energies for the curing reaction of the nanocomposite. Both the Ozawa and Kissinger methods showed the lowest activation energy (E) at 3% clay content. Using the isoconversional method, the activation energy (Eα) as a function of the degree of conversion was measured and showed that as the degree of cure increased, the Eα showed a gradual decrease, and gave the lowest value at 3% nanoclay. The addition of clay improved the tensile strengths of the nanocomposites, although a slight decrease in the elongation at break was observed as the clay content increased. These results demonstrated that the addition of clay to resole PF resins accelerate the curing behavior of the nanocomposites with an optimum level of 3% clay based on the balance between the cure kinetics and tensile properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal Curing Behavior and Tensile Properties of Resole Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin/Clay/Cellulose Nanocomposite

Park

Kadla²

2012

Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

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“…It also plays an important role as an anti-microbial agent and important precursor to many other chemical compounds. The synthesis of formaldehyde-based polymers bearing N, O, S and P donor groups has been an active field of research because of their ablative properties in modeling compounds, the wood industry, in coatings, composite materials [11,12] and in manufacture of automobiles, and used to make components for the transmission, electrical system, engine block, door panels, axles and brake shoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and thermal decomposition kinetics of poly(2-imidazolidinthione-formaldehyde)

2014

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A polymeric ligand, 2-imidazolidinthione-formaldehyde (poly-IF), bearing nitrogen and sulfur donor group was synthesized by the polycondensation of 2-imidazolidinthione and formaldehyde in alkaline medium. The synthetic ligand was characterized with microanalytical and spectral studies. The thermal degradation is investigated by means of dynamic thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) in helium and air atmosphere at various heating rate. The nonisothermal degradation of poly-IF compound was occurred in an inert and air atmosphere. Degradation activation energies were calculated using model free multiple heating rate methods i.e. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Friedman and Kissinger. The compound poly-IF was also tested against strain (Escherichia coli) and it inhibits the proliferation of bacterial growth.

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“…[10] To solve this problem, Usuki et al [11] attempted to synthesize phenolic resin/layered silicate nanocomposites by an intercalative polymerization approach, employing phenol and formaldehyde and a modified montmorillonite. Lee et al, [10] as well as, Choi et al [12]- [13] synthesized phenolic resin/layered silicate nanocomposites by melt intercalation of a linear novolac. Currently, only fairly limited researches on resol type phenolic resin layered silicate nanocompositesvia in situ polymerization of monomers -have been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic matrix nanocomposites based on commercial grade resols: Synthesis and characterization

Natali

Kenny

Torre

2010

Composites Science and Technology

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Please cite this article as: Natali, M., Kenny, J., Torre, L., Phenolic matrix nanocomposites based on commercial grade resols: synthesis and characterization, Composites Science and Technology (2009), doi: 10.1016/ j.compscitech.2009 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractPolymer layered silicate nanocomposites based on a commercial grade resol were produced using a simple, low labor cost, mechanical approach which allowed to avoid the process of intercalative polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. Commercial compatibilized montmorillonite was selected as the main nanoreinforcement, while the matrix was a resol diluted in methanol. The aim of this work was to optimize the production technique of the above mentioned nanocomposites. Therefore intercalation of the resin was promoted by high speed mixing, and the processing parameters were varied in order to find the optimum dispersion. The produced nanocomposites were characterized and compared by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of the characterization tests indicated that it was possible to obtain a good degree of dispersion as well as and uniform distribution of the nanoclay platelets. However, TGA measurements showed that the introduction of well dispersed nanoclays did not result in a consistent improvement of thermal stability respect that of the neat resol.

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Morphology and Curing Behaviors of Phenolic Resin-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt Intercalation

Cited by 120 publications

References 47 publications

Thermal Curing Behavior and Tensile Properties of Resole Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin/Clay/Cellulose Nanocomposite

Thermal Curing Behavior and Tensile Properties of Resole Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin/Clay/Cellulose Nanocomposite

Synthesis, characterization and thermal decomposition kinetics of poly(2-imidazolidinthione-formaldehyde)

Phenolic matrix nanocomposites based on commercial grade resols: Synthesis and characterization

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