Morphology and Anatomy of Floral and Extrafloral Nectaries in Campsis (Bignoniaceae)

Elias, Thomas S.; Gelband, Hellen

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1976.tb13220.x

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Originally described by Zimmerman (1932), they are considered as squamiform elongations of the epidermis as seen in Arrabidaea brachipoda (Fig. 48) and have been extensively studied in Bignoniaceae (Elias & Gelband 1976; Elias 1983; Rivera 2000; Díaz‐Castelazo et al. 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological patterns of extrafloral nectaries in woody plant species of the Braziliancerrado

et al. 2008

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Extrafloral nectaries are nectar-secreting structures that are especially common among the woody flora of the Brazilian cerrado, a savanna-like vegetation. In this study, we provide morphological and anatomical descriptions of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) occurring on vegetative and reproductive organs of several plant species from the cerrado, and discuss their function and ecological relevance. We describe the morphology and anatomy of EFNs of 40 species belonging to 15 woody families using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. We categorise EFNs following a structural-topographical classification, and characterise the vascularised and complex nectaries, amorphous nectaries and secretory trichomes. Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae, Malpighiaceae and Vochysiaceae were the plant families with the majority of species having EFNs. Ten species possess more than one morphotype of gland structure. Observations and experimental field studies in the cerrado support the anti-herbivore role of EFN-gathering ants in this habitat. Additional morphological studies of EFNs-bearing plants, including other growth forms (e.g. herbs and lianas), are being undertaken and will hopefully cast further light on the ecological relevance of these glands in the cerrado, especially with respect to their attractiveness to multiple visitors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49). According to Elias & Gelband (1976) and Elias (1983), scale‐like nectaries are easily accessed by ants and secrete enough nectar to support large populations of these insects. Besides the EFNs, peltate secretory trichomes (Figs 42, 46) occur in all studied species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological patterns of extrafloral nectaries in woody plant species of the Braziliancerrado

et al. 2008

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“…performed all observations. For every plant species collected, we looked for the presence of glands that indicated the production of extrafloral nectar or oil (Elias & Gelband, 1976). Other plant traits like the presence of fruit pulp or an elaiosome are also potential drivers of differential epiphyte recruitment to AGs after seed dispersal.…”

Section: Epiphyte Occurrence In Agsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of parabiotic ants and environment on epiphyte composition and protection in ant gardens

et al. 2017

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IntroductionMutualism is a ubiquitous interspecific interaction that occurs among a great diversity of living organisms (Janzen, 1985). Plants and insects, in particular, are frequently involved in three types of mutualisms: pollination, seed dispersal and protection against herbivores (Bronstein, 1994;Bronstein et al., 2006). In these interactions, plants attract and reward insects for their actions by offering shelter and/or food through specialized structures, while insects guarantee flower pollination, seed dispersal or protection against consumers (Bronstein et al., 2006).Although the majority of plant-insect mutualisms are generalized and facultative (Stanton, 2003;Bronstein et al., 2006), some interactions can be very specialized (see RicoAbstract Ant gardens (AGs) are a multi-partner specialized ant-plant interaction involving several ant and epiphyte species. Although studies on AGs have reported possible roles for some species in this system, there are unanswered questions regarding the process of epiphyte incorporation in the AGs and the role of less aggressive ant species in AG protection. In this study, we used AGs in the Brazilian Amazon forest formed by two parabiotic ant species to test a set of hypothesis regarding two main questions: 1) How is AG plant community composition affected by the surrounding environment? 2) Does Crematogaster levior play a role in the chemical detection of herbivory in the AGs? After identifying epiphytes occurring at AGs at the forest edge and in the interior, we found that ant gardens in each environment exhibited different compositions, and that plant species bearing oil or extrafloral nectar glands were more frequent in AGs located in the forest interior than in those at the forest edge. By performing experiments with volatile compounds emitted from injured epiphytes, we detected that only Camponotus femoratus was responsive, responding almost eight times faster in response to plant extracts than water treatments. Our results support the idea that environmental conditions affect ant preference for feeding resources provided by epiphytes and consequently shape the structure of the epiphyte community in AGs. On the other hand, the role of C. levior in AGs remains unknown, since it seems to play no direct or indirect role in AG protection.

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“…Extrafloral nectaries usually have an intense relationship with insects, particularly ants, which are attracted by the secreted energetic resource (Koptur et al 1998;Heil and McKey 2003;Oliveira and Freitas 2004). This is a common event in species of tribe Bignonieae (Elias and Gelband 1976;Elias 1983). There are reports on an indirect relationship between these nectaries and the protection against herbivory, by means of the action of the visiting ants against the herbivores (Vesprini et al 2003;Oliveira e Freitas 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) -are present in 90% of the Bignoniaceae genera (Elias and Gelband 1976). Several authors (Rivera 2000b;Nogueira et al 2013;Gama et al 2013) have shown that these nectaries are trichomes that have a large secretory head.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and distribution of glandular trichomes in three species of Bignoniaceae

et al. 2015

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Glandular trichomes play a major role in the morphological characterization of the Bignoniaceae. Due to their great diversity of forms and functions, this study aimed to inventory the glandular trichomes present in the aerial vegetative axis of Amphilophium magnoliifolium, Martinella obovata and Stizophyllum riparium, analyze their structure and register the participation of ants in these plants. Fresh samples from the nodal region, petiole and from medium to apical regions of the leaflet blade were fixed and processed according to usual methods in light and scanning electron microscopies. The glandular trichomes found were: peltate, capitate, stipitate, and patelliform/cupular. Peltate trichomes are the most abundant ones and present the most uniform distribution. Patelliform/cupular trichomes occur at specific regions, such as prophylls, leaflet blade and nodal regions. Martinella obovata is the only species that presents capitate and stipitate trichomes, which are widely distributed along the entire aerial vegetative axis. Ants were found in all species, mainly at nodal regions. The occurrence of the capitate-type trichome is reported for the first time to the genus. KEYWORDS: Bignonieae, Nectaries, Secretory structures, Stipitate trichome. Estrutura e distribuição de tricomas glandulares em três espécies da família Bignoniaceae RESUMOTricomas glandulares desempenham papel importante na caracterização morfológica de Bignoniaceae e, devido à grande diversidade de formas e funções que esses tricomas apresentam, o objetivo desse estudo foi inventariar os tricomas glandulares presentes no eixo vegetativo aéreo de Amphilophium magnoliifolium, Martinella obovata. e Stizophyllum riparium, bem como analisar sua estrutura e registrar a participação de formigas nessas espécies. Amostras frescas da região mediana à apical das lâmina foliolar, pecíolo e nó foram fixadas e processadas de acordo com os métodos usuais para microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Os tricomas glandulares encontrados nas espécies foram: peltados, capitados, estipitados e pateliformes/cupuliformes. Dentre esses tipos o mais abundante foi o tricoma peltado, apresentando também uma distribuição mais uniforme que os demais. Os tricomas pateliformes/cupuliformes estavam em regiões mais específicas, como profilos, lâmina foliolar e na região nodal. Martinella obovata foi a única espécie que apresentou os tricomas capitados e estipitados, amplamente distribuídos ao longo de todo eixo vegetativo aéreo. Em todas as espécies foram encontradas formigas, principalmente nas regiões nodais. A ocorrência do tricoma capitado é relatada pela primeira vez para o gênero.

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Morphology and Anatomy of Floral and Extrafloral Nectaries in Campsis (Bignoniaceae)

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

Morphological patterns of extrafloral nectaries in woody plant species of the Braziliancerrado

Morphological patterns of extrafloral nectaries in woody plant species of the Braziliancerrado

The role of parabiotic ants and environment on epiphyte composition and protection in ant gardens

Structure and distribution of glandular trichomes in three species of Bignoniaceae

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