Morphologische und funktionelle Aspekte plazentarer Reifungsmechanismen beim Rind

Woicke, Jochen; Schoon, H.-A.; Heuwieser, W.; Schulz, L. Cl.; Grünert, E

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1986.tb00578.x

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Other authors assessed neutrophilic infiltration in placentomes using a qualitative grading system ranging from moderate to severe, which was not further clarified and did not include the distribution of the inflammatory process. 42 The microscopic examination of placentomes and cotyledonary tissue collected during pregnancy and in the postpartum period revealed the presence ofh i s t o l o g i cc h a n g e si nm o s t samples. The major histologic feature in both was the presence of cellular debris.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of low numbers of cases showing inflammation in placentomal samples, statistical analysis to confirm this hypothesis was not possible. The pathogenesis of purulent inflammation was previously investigated in another study 42 by examining placentomes collected immediatelya f t e rn o r m a lp a r t u r i t i o n . Neutrophilic infiltration in the placenta was considered a consequence of physiological changes in blood coagulation of the mother, resulting in an increase of plasma fibrinogen and prothrombin and a decrease of fibrinolytic activity in the placentome tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine Fetal Placenta During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

et al. 2018

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Bovine abortion is a worldwide problem, but despite extensive histopathologic and molecular investigations, the cause of abortion remains unclear in about 70% of cases. Cellular debris is a commonly observed histopathologic finding in the fetal placenta and is often interpreted as necrosis. In this study, the nature of this cellular debris was characterized, and histologic changes in the normal fetal placenta during pregnancy and after delivery were assessed. In addition, the presence of the most common abortifacient pathogens in Switzerland ( Chlamydiaceae, Coxiella burnetii, Neospora caninum) was tested by polymerase chain reaction. We collected 51 placentomes and 235 cotyledons from 41 and from 50 cows, respectively. In total, cellular debris was present in 48 of 51 (94%) placentomes and in 225 of 235 (96%) cotyledons, inflammation occurred in 1 of 51 (2%) placentomes and in 46 of 235 (20%) cotyledons, vasculitis was seen in 1 of 51 (2%) placentomes and 46 of 235 (20%) cotyledons, and 18 of 51 (35%) placentomes and 181 of 235 (77%) cotyledons had mineralization. The amount of cellular debris correlated with areas of positive signals for cleaved caspase 3 and lamin A. Therefore, this finding was interpreted as an apoptotic process. In total, 10 of 50 cotyledons (20%) were positive for C. burnetii DNA, most likely representing subclinical infections. The results of our study indicate that histologic features in the fetal placenta such as cellular debris, inflammation, vasculitis, and mineralization must be considered physiological processes during pregnancy and after delivery. Therefore, their presence in placentae of aborted fetuses must be interpreted with caution and might not be necessarily linked to an infectious cause of abortion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Fetal Placenta During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

et al. 2018

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“…In our study we did not find any differences on histology of placentomes obtained from treated and control cows. It has been suggested, that morphological changes of placentomes, which are important for undisturbed loosening of the placenta (WOICKE et al, 1986;SCHOON, 1989;WOODING, 1993), depend on physiological oestrogen levels before parturition (GRUNERT et al, 1989;ZDUNCZYK and JANOWSKI, 1989), although combined administration of oestrogen and glucocorticoid did not significantly reduce the incidence of retained fetal membranes after induced parturition (KARG et al, 1971;BARTH et al, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Course of Pregnancy, Steroid Hormone Levels and Maturation Process of Placentomes after Oestrone infusion in Cows near Term

Janowski¹,

Zduńczyk²,

Podhalicz-Dziegielewska³

et al. 1995

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary The present study was designed to examine the effect of systemic oestrone infusion on the course of late pregnancy and parturition, steroid hormone concentrations and maturation of placentomes in cows. Twelve pluriparous pregnant cows with known breeding dates were used in this experiment. Starting on day 267 of pregnancy six cows (experimental group) received 20 mg oestrone daily (in four doses) infused into the vena jugularis until parturition. Six other cows infused with vehicle served as control. Concentrations of oestrone (E1), oestrone sulphate (E1S) and progesterone (P4) were measured by RIA, and after parturition placentomes were examined histologically. In experimental and control animals parturition occurred on days 276,9 ± 1,8 and 277,2 ± 1,1 of gestation, respectively. The concentrations of E1 in the treated group were higher (8–12 ng/ml) than those in control animals (1–3 ng/ml), while the levels of E1S (8–14 ng/ml) were similar for both groups. The concentrations of P4 in experimental and control cows were typical for late pregnancy (4–6 ng/ml), with a sharp drop of this hormone 1–2 days before calving. The histological pictures of placentomes obtained from both groups of animals were similar and maturation of the placenta was observed. These results suggest that the prepartal increase of oestrone in maternal plasma does not play a major role in the regulation of parturition and placental maturation.

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“…However, it is obvious that a tightly controlled reduction of fetomaternal adherence is a prerequisite for the birth of a vital fetus and the timely release of the placenta. Accordingly, in late gestation and in the immediate prepartal period, distinct remodeling processes have been observed in the microarchitecture of the bovine feto-maternal interface, named (morphological) placental maturation, including a significant reduction of the caruncular epithelium (Bjö rckman 1954, Grunert 1985, Woicke et al 1986) and a marked decrease in the number of trophoblast giant cells (TGCs; Williams et al 1987, Gross et al 1991. In cows with RFM, it has been shown that this reduction in caruncular epithelium (Grunert 1985) and the numbers of TGCs are less pronounced (Williams et al 1987, Gross et al 1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the progesterone (P4) receptor antagonist aglepristone to characterize the role of P4 withdrawal for parturition and placental release in cows

Shenavai¹,

Hoffmann²,

Dilly³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

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In late pregnant cows, progesterone (P 4 ) is mainly of luteal origin. However, the trophoblast may provide high local P 4 concentrations in the uterus. To test for the importance of a complete P 4 withdrawal for parturition-related processes and placental release, the P 4 receptor (PGR) blocker aglepristone (Ap) was administered to three cows on days 270 and 271 of pregnancy. A complete opening of the cervix was observed 46.5G7.3 h after the start of treatment. However, expulsion of the calves was impaired obviously because of insufficient myometrial activity, and placental membranes were retained for at least 10 days. Measurement of P 4 concentrations indicated that PGR blockage induced luteolysis. To investigate the role of P 4 withdrawal for the prepartal tissue remodeling of the placentomes, the caruncular epithelium was evaluated by morphometry, and the percentage of trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) relative to the total number of trophoblast cells were assessed. Caruncular epithelium in Ap-treated cows (D272CAp) was immature (30.5G3.3%) and not different from untreated controls (elected cesarean section (CS) on day 272; D272-CS; 31.5G1.4%), whereas it was significantly reduced at normal term (D280.5G1.3; 21.0G6.1%; PZ0.011). Correspondingly, the percentage of TGCs were 20.1G1.4 in D272CAp, 22.1G4.8 in D272-CS, and 9.8G3.9 at term (PZ0.001). No effect was detected on placental estrogen synthesis. The results showed that in late pregnant cows, P 4 withdrawal only induces a limited spectrum of the processes related to normal parturition and is not a crucial factor for the prepartal tissue remodeling in placentomes and the timely release of the placenta.

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Morphologische und funktionelle Aspekte plazentarer Reifungsmechanismen beim Rind

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Bovine Fetal Placenta During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Bovine Fetal Placenta During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Course of Pregnancy, Steroid Hormone Levels and Maturation Process of Placentomes after Oestrone infusion in Cows near Term

Use of the progesterone (P4) receptor antagonist aglepristone to characterize the role of P4 withdrawal for parturition and placental release in cows

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