Morphological Variations of the Thyroid Gland among the People of Upper Assam Region of Northeast India: A Cadaveric Study

Morphological Variations of the Thyroid Gland in the North Indians: A Cadaveric Study with its Clinical Relevance

“…The morphological variations of the thyroid gland found in present study were compared with previous similar studies [ Table 4]. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Pyramidal Lobe was found to be the most commonly occurring morphological variation of the thyroid gland with 18% incidence. As evident from the [ Table 4], the incidence of the presence of the PL varies from 18% to 58%.…”

“…In our study, the upper end of LGT was attached to the body of hyoid bone in all cases, except in one where LGT failed to reach hyoid bone and was attached to the thyroid cartilage. Regarding its association with PL, Rajkonwar et al, [19] found that in all cases LGT was extending from the apex of the PL. Current study showed that the lower end of LGT was associated the apex of PL in all cases except in one where the PL was absent and the lower attachment was with isthmus of thyroid gland.…”

“…This large variation in occurrence of PL may be because of difference in ethnicity and dietary habits (iodine content) of the population studied. As far as Indian subcontinent is concerned, coastal area of southern India (Ranade et al ), [15] showed highest incidence (58%), followed by North east region (Rajkonwar et al), [19] showing 38.75% followed closely by western part (Joshi et al), [17] showing 37.77% incidence. Our study, comprising of cadavers of north Indian origin showed the lowest incidence (18%) of PL amongst all.…”

“…In the present study PL was arising more commonly from the junction of the right lobe with the isthmus (Milojevic type II) which is in contrary with the findings of the previous studies. [12,17,19] Most authors have described the origin of PL from the upper border of the isthmus, slightly from the left of mid-sagittal plane. The presence of double PL has also been described by Joshi et al [17] This rare anomaly of double pyramidal process is generally explained by assuming a high bifurcation of the thyroid anlage, the growing thyroglossal duct split at its apex, and each branch giving origin to a lobe of the gland.…”

Anatomical Variations of Thyroid Glands in Northeastern-Thai Embalmed Cadavers

“…Specifically in recent research, the pyramidal lobe was found separating from the left lobe. The tip of the pyramidal lobe was converted into a fibro-muscular band that insertion to the edge of hyoid bone called levator glandulae thyroideae (Moore & Persuad;Standring;Chaudhary et al, 2013;Rajkonwar & Kusre, 2016). Due to the fact that there has been no investigation of the thyroid gland abnormality in embalmed cadavers in Thailand, the researchers found it fascinating to conduct a research into this area in order to identify the thyroidal abnormality types among the embalmed bodies in northeastern Thailand.…”