Anatomical Variations of Thyroid Glands in Northeastern-Thai Embalmed Cadavers

Maneenin, Chanwit; Maneenin, Naowarat; Iamsaard, Sitthichai

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022019000100136

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The thyroid gland is the first gland to develop approximately 24 days after fertilization (Maneenin et al, 2019). It develops as a median endodermal thickening in the floor of the pharynx between tuberculum impar and copula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological variations of the thyroid gland and its relationship to the recurrent laryngeal nerve: A cadaveric study

Zulu,

Kafumukache,

Sikhanyiso

et al. 2023

Anat. J. Afr.

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The thyroid gland is prone to variations due to its embryological origin and descent. These variations can cause distortion of its morphology and have been associated with thyroid disorders. This study aimed to provide evidence-based data on the morphological variations of the thyroid gland. In this study, the morphological variations of the thyroid gland pertained to the presence or absence of pyramidal lobe (PL), levator glandulae thyroidae (LGT) and isthmus. The main objective of this study was to assess the morphological variations of the thyroid gland and its relationship to the recurrent laryngeal nerve in cadavers. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Pathology Department of the University Teaching Hospitals (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. In the study there were 46 cadavers; 36 males and 10 females aged between 20-64. The study involved dissection and removal of the hyoid bone, larynx, trachea, oesophagus, and thyroid gland en bloc. The thyroid gland was observed for the presence of the PL and LGT, and absence of isthmus. If present, the length, width and height were measured using a Vernier caliper. Location of the isthmus as well as the relationship of the thyroid gland to the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) were also observed. The most common variation was presence of PL, 32.61% (36% of males and 20% of females). The most common origin of the PL was both the isthmus (40%) and left lobe (40%). Levator glandulae thyroideae were commonly attached to the hyoid bone (72.7%). Statistically significant differences (<0.0001) were found in the mean length of LGT between males and females. Thickness of the PL was more in females than males and this difference was significant (< 0.015). The majority of the isthmi were found located on tracheal rings 1 and 2 (32.6%). The RLNs were mostly medial to the thyroid gland; LRLN (93.5%) and RRLN (91.3%). There was a high incidence of RLNs traversing the larynx posterior to the cricothyroid joint, 89.1% of LRLN and 93.5% of the RRLN. Knowledge of these variations, their measurements and the relationship of the thyroid gland to the RLNs may be of help to surgeons to perform safe and effective thyroid surgeries with reduced complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological variations of the thyroid gland and its relationship to the recurrent laryngeal nerve: A cadaveric study

Zulu,

Kafumukache,

Sikhanyiso

et al. 2023

Anat. J. Afr.

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“…The thyroid gland descends through the thyroglossal duct as a bilobed diverticulum. Ultimately, the duct degenerates by the 5 th week of embryonic life [3,4]. Common defects in thyroid embryogenesis include the presence of the pyramidal lobe, thyroglossal cyst, accessory tissue along the pathway of thyroid descent, accessory small thyroidea ima artery [5].…”

Section: Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyramidal Lobe Variations of the Thyroid Gland and Its Clinical Implications: A Short Review and Case Report

et al. 2022

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The thyroid gland is characterized by significant anatomical variability, which may lead to difficulties in diagnostic and treatment outcomes. The pyramidal lobe is the most common variation present in up to 30% of the population. Literature has witnessed research on different variations of the pyramidal lobe, preference for the lobe from which it arises, gender preference, etc. Understanding such variations is essential for successful treatment outcomes for thyroid diseases. This short review was aimed to highlight embryological aspects of the thyroid gland, variation of its pyramidal lobe and present a rare case of demarcated left lobe, pyramidal lobe, and an associated cyst.

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Insights into the Perspective Correlation Between Vitamin D and Regulation of Hormones: Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones

Abed

Alassaf

Qazzaz

et al. 2020

Clinic Rev Bone Miner Metab

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Anatomical Variations of Thyroid Glands in Northeastern-Thai Embalmed Cadavers

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Morphological variations of the thyroid gland and its relationship to the recurrent laryngeal nerve: A cadaveric study

Morphological variations of the thyroid gland and its relationship to the recurrent laryngeal nerve: A cadaveric study

Pyramidal Lobe Variations of the Thyroid Gland and Its Clinical Implications: A Short Review and Case Report

Insights into the Perspective Correlation Between Vitamin D and Regulation of Hormones: Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones

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