Morphological Variation of the Green Toad, Bufo viridis, in Italy: A Test of Causation

Castellano, Sergio; Giacoma, Cristina

doi:10.2307/1565208

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These results support the hypothesis that larger toads inhabiting island area may better tolerate low environmental temperatures (Table 1) and grow faster during their pre-adult stages than smaller toads inhabiting lowland areas. Similar to our results, Castellano and Giacoma (1998) found that the island populations of B. viridis have a larger body size than mainland toads. According to another hypothesis of (Nevo 1972), there is a clinal variation with increasing body size from north to south in B. viridis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of the ecological conditions on morphological variations of the green toad, Bufo viridis, in Turkey

Kutrup

Bülbül

Yilmaz

2005

Ecological Research

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Ten populations of the green toad, Bufo viridis, from three areas having different climatic regimes were compared. Multivariate analyses of morphological characteristics revealed three distinct populations of green toads: the first group inhabiting the lowland and humid localities was characterized by a small body size, the second group occurred at higher altitudes and in desert areas had a significantly larger body size, while the third group from the Mediterranean localities was characterized by a large tympanum, a longer tarsus and short first toes. Interestingly, the specimens from Giresun Island were clustered with the second group with a similar pattern of body size. Differences in the morphological characteristics among populations were positively associated with ecological conditions, and not with geographic distance. Some characteristics previously used for taxonomic purposes in B. viridis were shown to be associated with local climatic conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of the ecological conditions on morphological variations of the green toad, Bufo viridis, in Turkey

Kutrup

Bülbül

Yilmaz

2005

Ecological Research

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“…A similar tendency for increased size on islands was reported for Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768, in Sardinia, Italy (CASTELLANO & GIACOMA 1998) and Rana limnocharis (Gravenhorst, 1829) in Zhoushan, China (WU et al 2006). However, exceptions occur, such as Rhinella ornata (Spix, 1824) (larger on the mainland) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MONTESINOS et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

The island rule in the Brazilian frog Phyllodytes luteolus (Anura: Hylidae): incipient gigantism?

Mageski¹,

Ferreira²,

Jesus³

et al. 2015

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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“…In a previous study on the causes of green toad morphometric variation in the Italian Peninsula, Sardinia, and Corsica (Castellano & Giacoma, 1998b), we have shown a strong association between morphology and insularity: independently of latitude, altitude and climatic conditions, green toads from Sardinia and Corsica are morphometrically much more similar to each other than to mainland toads. Populations mostly differ in body size: insular toads are signi®cantly longer and heavier than peninsular toads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Body size and calling variation in the green toad (Bufo viridis)

et al. 1999

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Green toads from Sardinia are on average 30% longer and twice as heavy as those from the Italian Peninsula. The skeletochronological analysis of an island and a mainland population showed that differences of size were not a consequence of a longer lifespan of island toads, but of their higher growth rate in the pre-adult stages of life. The effects of these differences of size on the acoustic communication system of the species were analysed. Signi®cant differences were observed in both spectral and temporal properties of the calls. The longer size of insular toads resulted in a reduction of 0.24 kHz of the fundamental frequency. Differences of temporal properties were mostly due to the different thermal conditions of calling males: with respect to mainland toads, island green toads were generally active at lower water temperatures and, at the same water temperature, they had proportionally lower body temperatures.

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Morphological Variation of the Green Toad, Bufo viridis, in Italy: A Test of Causation

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of the ecological conditions on morphological variations of the green toad, Bufo viridis, in Turkey

Effects of the ecological conditions on morphological variations of the green toad, Bufo viridis, in Turkey

The island rule in the Brazilian frog Phyllodytes luteolus (Anura: Hylidae): incipient gigantism?

Body size and calling variation in the green toad (Bufo viridis)

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