Morphological Characters of Local Origin Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Fruits and Seeds from Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract

Most of the diversity resource of durian was reported existing in Central Tapanuli. Due to local durian potential, germplasm needed to obtain information on the potential for superior cultivars. Here, we report our identification of morphology characteristics to the genetic relationship of local durian to determine the best durian. This research applied exploration study, interviews, descriptive, and qualitative identification. Research data were grouped based on similarity values using cluster analysis. Results showed that each local durian from Central Tapanuli had similar morphological characters, especially in the vegetative phase. Characters that show distant genetic relationships are fruit length, fruit diameter and seed weight. Other characters that depict close genetic relationship were the color of the fruit stalks and thorns' presence in the fruit. Based on morphological characteristics, a dendrogram was drawn and formed into three clusters. The present study shows that 75 accessions of durian fruit detected in each location have a relatively close similarity distance. That similarity between durian accessions is influenced by interactions between genetic factors and the environment. This result can also be used for durian conservation aimed at collections as genetic resources to benefit durian breeding in expanding diversity.

Phenotypic Diversity of Super Local Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Varieties from South Kalimantan, Indonesia: A Case Study

“…It is pointed out by diversity index values of 0.389 and 0.324, respectively (Tables 2 and 3). Such level of diversity was also reported by Sihaloho et al (2021) from durian varieties of Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and from Sawang and Langkahan of North Aceh, Indonesia (Handayani and Ismadi, 2018). According to Gao et al (2017), this case may be due to natural selection, the founder effect, genetic isolation, including inbreeding.…”

“…This study aimed to determine the phenotypic diversity and relationship of superior local durian varieties from this region based on morphological markers. While these traits have certain disadvantages, such as multigenic inheritance, time-consuming, and strongly influence by environmental parameters (Wu et al, 2021), they are customary to assess the genetic diversity of durian (Sundari et al, 2019;Sihaloho et al, 2021).…”

Studies of Genetic and Morphological Characteristics of Indonesian Melon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Hikapel’) Germplasm

“…Qualitative morphological characters were processed using Microsoft Excel 365 student edition software. The morphological data obtained were used to identify and identify between cultivars to differentiate one from another [15].…”

“…In this study, the assumptions used in the genotype (genetic factors) code for qualitative characters. Quantitative characters are controlled by environmental factors and several minor genes [15]. It has been reported that the QTL locus (quantitative trait locus) regulates the expression of a plant's character, such as s flowering time, seed size, and seed dispersal in maize, rice, and sorghum; and growth habit, photoperiod sensitivity, and dormancy in common bean [17].…”

Application of RAPD Molecular Technique to Study the Genetic Variations of Citrus in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…Diversity can be studied using morphological, physiological, anatomical, palynological, cytological, biochemical, embryological, and molecular characteristics [20], [21]. Morphological characters are most often used in identification because they are easy to observe.…”