Morphological characterization of the venom secretory epidermal cells in the stinger of marine and freshwater stingrays

Pedroso, Cátia M.; Jared, Carlos; Charvet, Patrícia; Almeida, Maurício Pinto de; Garrone‐Neto, Domingos; Lira, Marcela S.; Haddad, Vidal; Barbaro, Kátia Cristina; Antoniazzi, Marta Maria

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.06.004

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…A few members of the suborder, such as M. birostris and U. asperrimus , have lost their stings. Injuries made by ray stings can cause moderate to severe complications such as nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, respiratory depression, muscle fasciculations, convulsions, oedema and ischaemic necrosis (Scharf, 2002; Haddad et al , 2004; Pedroso et al, 2007).…”

Section: Derivates Of Placoid Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basics of skin structure and function in elasmobranchs: a review

Meyer

Seegers

2012

Journal of Fish Biology

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In contrast to the bony fishes, particularly the teleosts, the integument of elasmobranchs is rather unknown. Therefore, a description of the basic structural and functional features of shark and ray skin is given, based on a review of the literature and published or unpublished findings of the authors. The latter aspect makes it possible to document in more detail the specific structure of the skin layers regarding, particularly, the epidermis and its cell spectrum, the more or less robust dermis with its specific features, the very special scales with their derivates and the sophisticated sensoric integumental equipment. As far as possible, all important structures are discussed including their typical biological functions and results from applied scientific work. To some extent the information given is evaluated as compared with the much broader knowledge from the Osteichthyes.

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Section: Derivates Of Placoid Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basics of skin structure and function in elasmobranchs: a review

Meyer

Seegers

2012

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Research on stingray injuries is even rarer as most of the fish associated with accidents are part of the local fauna and are always present in the nets of professional fishermen, whereas stingrays were only first detected in the region 50 years ago [13][14][15][16][17][18] . Stingrays are venomous and carry toxins that cause inflammation and severe pain in the early stages and skin necrosis in the late phases of envenoming [16][17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stingrays are venomous and carry toxins that cause inflammation and severe pain in the early stages and skin necrosis in the late phases of envenoming [16][17][18] . Stingray colonization of the upper Paraná River is associated with the building of the Itaipu hydroelectric plant, which allowed these fish to colonize the initial points of the river.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma and envenoming caused by stingrays and other fish in a fishing community in Pontal do Paranapanema, state of São Paulo, Brazil: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapeutic and preventive measures

Haddad

Fávero

Ribeiro

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Accidents caused by fish are common in inland fishing communities in Brazil, being work-related injuries in the majority of cases. These populations have no information on the mechanisms of trauma or envenoming. Methods: Through a questionnaire administered to fishermen, we obtained clinical and epidemiological data on accidents in Rosana, Pontal do Paranapanema, State of São Paulo, Brazil. These data were analyzed and converted into an easily understood prevention and treatment program for the colony. Results: Thirty-nine fishermen replied to the survey. All of the patients had been hurt by fish. Of those mentioned, the yellow catfish (Pimelodus maculatus) was the main fish species associated with injuries, but others also caused trauma to the fishermen. Six fishermen had been envenomed by stingrays. Pain and ulcers were the main symptoms and were described as intolerable. Approximately half of those injured were treated using traditional folk remedies. Conclusions: The fishermen suffered multiple accidents with catfish, which are venomous and cause intense pain, as well as trauma due to other fish, such as surubins, traíras, freshwater croakers, and piranhas. Approximately 16% of those interviewed presented with envenomation from stingrays. Our data and previous experience in the area led to the creation of a pamphlet with clear language that can effectively help fishermen in the region, an area in need of health services and disease prevention. This initiative also applies to the whole La Plata River basin, which has similar fauna.

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“…Treatment for stingray envenomation is symptomatic and based on administration of analgesics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and also antibiotics to prevent secondary infection (Haddad et al, 2004;Garrone Neto and Haddad, 2010). The sting is composed of a mineralized structure covered by an integumentary tissue, which contains cells rich in protein content (toxins) (Pedroso et al, 2007). The mechanical trauma, in combination with the action of toxins, cause an intense pain, followed by edema, erythema and necrosis, which are rarely accompanied by systemic symptoms, like fever, myalgia, dizziness, vomit, and headache (Haddad et al, 2004;Garrone Neto and Haddad, 2010;Haddad et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%