Morphological Characteristics of Normal Foveal Avascular Zone by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Eldaly, Zeiad H; Soliman, Wael; Saad, Mohamed; Reyad, Ali Natag

doi:10.1155/2020/8281459

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…This method is used for many decades for the evaluation of retinal vasculature. Although currently OCT is also used for detecting diabetic maculopathy FFA remains the gold standard for the evaluation of retinal vascular abnormalities [17]. Our study is consistent with Rajappa A.S et al who also used fluorescein angiography to diagnose macular disorders and further categorize diabetic maculopathy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Role of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Early Diabetic Maculopathy: A Cross-sectional Study

Sahito

Khanzada

Mirza

et al. 2022

JPRI

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Aim: To assess the role of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) for early detection of diabetic maculopathy. Study Design: Prospective Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Department of Ophthalmology, unit II Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Hyderabad between March 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: Diabetic patients above the age of 20 years were screened by visual acuity recording, fundus, slit-lamp examination, and Fundus fluorescein angiography. Complete ophthalmic detail was obtained from each participant using pre-designed Proforma. Outcomes of the study were recorded. Results: A total of 100 subjects having 200 eyes were observed in the study. There were 53(53%) males and 47(47%) females with a mean age of 54±21.22 years. FFA was done in 124(62%) eyes. Diabetic maculopathy with diabetic retinopathy was higher in moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) 53(42.7%) followed by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 22(17.7%), severe NPDR 20(16.1%), and mild NPDR 08(6.5%). Most of the subjects 79(63.7%) had the diffuse type of leakage followed by focal 33(26.6%) and mixed type of leakage. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and Central Macular Thickness (CMT) were improved at the 3rd and 6th-month follow-up visit as compared to baseline visit. Conclusion: Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), a diagnostic method of diabetic retinopathy is reliable, more accurate, and precise. Our study recommends that diabetic patients should be regularly screened through FFA to save the precious vision of the diabetic population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We did not find the association of FFA with age, gender, and duration of diabetes as previous studies reported no significant association with these kinds of parameters. However, most of our study subjects were males, had average age between 51-60 years, and had five years or more duration of diabetes similar to previous studies [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Role of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Early Diabetic Maculopathy: A Cross-sectional Study

Sahito

Khanzada

Mirza

et al. 2022

JPRI

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“…Various studies have shown that the FAZ area is related to retinal thickness under the macular fovea, but not to choroid thickness [19,[29][30] which was supported in this study. Furthermore, the multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that CRT was significantly correlated with FAZ.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This study is also the first to report on the variation of FAZ according to different degree of myopia. Eldaly et al [19] detected five different FAZ patterns: horizontally oval, rounded, pentagon, vertically oval and nonspecific configuration in an Egyptian population study, in which horizontally oval superficial FAZ was shown to be the most common pattern. In this study, six FAZ forms were observed in normal Chinese adults, with most having specific patterns, including round, oval, triangle, quadrilateral and pentagonal that reached up to 72%, while a few exhibited an irregular configuration accounted for 28%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Various configuration types of the foveal avascular zone with related factors in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia assessed by swept-source OCT angiography

Dong¹,

Liu²,

Fu³

et al. 2022

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To describe the morphological characteristics of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) and analyze the possible associated factors. METHODS: Normal Chinese adults with or without myopia aged between 18 and 60y were recruited into the study. One eye in each individual was randomly selected for scanning using SS-OCTA. FAZ parameters, central retinal thickness (CRT) and central choroidal thickness (CCT) were then analyzed. Correlations between systemic and ocular variables and FAZ parameters were subsequently evaluated. The subgroup analysis based on refractive error was also carried out. RESULTS: In total, 127 eyes out of 127 normal subjects were finally included in the study (mean age 29.5±8.22y, 61 males and 66 females). The pattern of FAZ was variable: round configuration in 28 eyes (22%), quadrilateral configuration in 23 eyes (18%), pentagonal configuration in 20 eyes (16%), oval configuration in 15 eyes (12%), triangular configuration in 6 eyes (5%) and irregular configuration in 35 eyes (28%). The mean area of FAZ was 0.37±0.12 mm2. Females had a larger FAZ (0.41±0.11 mm2 vs 0.32±0.11 mm2) compared with that of males (P<0.01). All myopic individuals showed smaller FAZ area and perimeter compared with that of normal individuals (P<0.01). There was no obvious correlation between age and FAZ. In the univariate regression analysis, both axial length (AL) and refractive error were significantly related to FAZ parameters. However, only CRT showed negative correlation with FAZ in the multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The pattern of FAZ configuration in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia is highly variable. Establishing quantitative parameters of FAZ would not only provide details of macular pathophysiology but could possibly contribute as a biomarker in disease staging.

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“…In contrast to other tissues that have collateral blood vessels, retinal plexi are composed by end arteries with no anastomotic connections [ 24 ]. The boundary that delimits the FAZ is composed by these terminal vessels and therefore constitutes an area particularly susceptible to ischemic changes [ 26 ]. In fact, FAZ area enlargement has been correlated with capillary loss in different retinal vascular diseases, like diabetic retinopathy and retinal vascular occlusions [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Microvascular Impairment in COVID-19 Bilateral Pneumonia Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of retinal and microvascular alterations in COVID-19 patients with bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-COV-2 that required hospital admission and compare this with a cohort of age- and sex-matched controls. COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia patients underwent retinal imaging 14 days after hospital discharge with structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measurements. Vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were evaluated in the superficial, deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC). After exclusion criteria, only one eye per patient was selected, and 50 eyes (25 patients and 25 controls) were included in the analysis. COVID-19 patients presented significantly thinner ganglion cell layer (GCL) (p = 0.003) and thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) compared to controls (p = 0.048), and this RNFL thickening was greater in COVID-19 cases with cotton wool spots (CWS), when compared with patients without CWS (p = 0.032). In both SCP and DCP, COVID-19 patients presented lower VD in the foveal region (p < 0.001) and a greater FAZ area than controls (p = 0.007). These findings suggest that thrombotic and inflammatory phenomena could be happening in the retina of COVID-19 patients. Further research is warranted to analyze the longitudinal evolution of these changes over time as well as their correlation with disease severity.

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Morphological Characteristics of Normal Foveal Avascular Zone by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Role of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Early Diabetic Maculopathy: A Cross-sectional Study

Role of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Early Diabetic Maculopathy: A Cross-sectional Study

Various configuration types of the foveal avascular zone with related factors in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia assessed by swept-source OCT angiography

Retinal Microvascular Impairment in COVID-19 Bilateral Pneumonia Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

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