Morphological Changes of the Filamentous Fungus <i>Mucor Mucedo</i> and Inhibition of Chitin Synthase Activity Induced by Anethole

Yutani, Masahiro; Hashimoto, Yusuke; Ogita, Akira; Kubo, Isao; Tanaka, Toshio; Fujita, Ken‐ichi

doi:10.1002/ptr.3579

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is possible that the mode of chemosensitizing activity of the essential oil of O. sanctum is due to its major constituent, methylchavicol. As cited above, the antifungal activity of another phenylpropene, anethole, was by inhibition of fungal chitin synthase (Yutani et al, 2011a). The combination of inhibitors of chitin and ergosterol biosynthesis by a phenylpropene (methylchavicol) and a triazole (FLU), respectively, may undermine fungal cell wall/membrane integrity.…”

Section: Chemosensitization Of Antifungal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, combination of estragole with AMB was antagonistic, reducing antifungal activity against C. albicans (Shin and Pyun, 2004). It was recently shown that anethole is an inhibitor of fungal chitin synthase (Yutani et al, 2011a). Hence, the antifungal synergism between the phenylpropenes and the azoles is probably related to effectively reducing overall fungal cell wall/membrane integrity.…”

Section: Chemosensitization Of Antifungal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemosensitization as a Means to Augment Commercial Antifungal Agents

2012

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Antimycotic chemosensitization and its mode of action are of growing interest. Currently, use of antifungal agents in agriculture and medicine has a number of obstacles. Foremost of these is development of resistance or cross-resistance to one or more antifungal agents. The generally high expense and negative impact, or side effects, associated with antifungal agents are two further issues of concern. Collectively, these problems are exacerbated by efforts to control resistant strains, which can evolve into a treadmill of higher dosages for longer periods. This cycle in turn, inflates cost of treatment, dramatically. A further problem is stagnation in development of new and effective antifungal agents, especially for treatment of human mycoses. Efforts to overcome some of these issues have involved using combinations of available antimycotics (e.g., combination therapy for invasive mycoses). However, this approach has had inconsistent success and is often associated with a marked increase in negative side effects. Chemosensitization by natural compounds to increase effectiveness of commercial antimycotics is a somewhat new approach to dealing with the aforementioned problems. The potential for safe natural products to improve antifungal activity has been observed for over three decades. Chemosensitizing agents possess antifungal activity, but at insufficient levels to serve as antimycotics, alone. Their main function is to disrupt fungal stress response, destabilize the structural integrity of cellular and vacuolar membranes or stimulate production of reactive oxygen species, augmenting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Use of safe chemosensitizing agents has potential benefit to both agriculture and medicine. When co-applied with a commercial antifungal agent, an additive or synergistic interaction may occur, augmenting antifungal efficacy. This augmentation, in turn, lowers effective dosages, costs, negative side effects and, in some cases, countermands resistance.

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Section: Chemosensitization Of Antifungal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Chemosensitization Of Antifungal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensitization as a Means to Augment Commercial Antifungal Agents

2012

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“…In this study, we found that anethole induced the cell death of a human opportunistic pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus , accompanied by DNA fragmentation, which indicates apoptotic‐like cell death. Although the mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial action of anethole have not yet been elucidated in detail, we recently revealed that anethole‐induced growth inhibition with morphological changes in a filamentous fungus, Mucor mucedo , depends on the fragility of cell walls caused by chitin synthase inhibition . Additionally, the inhibition of growth of Mucor spp., including M. mucedo , caused by anethole was accompanied by swollen hyphae resulting from the direct restriction of chitin and chitosan biosynthesis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial action of anethole have not yet been elucidated in detail, we recently revealed that anethole‐induced growth inhibition with morphological changes in a filamentous fungus, Mucor mucedo , depends on the fragility of cell walls caused by chitin synthase inhibition . Additionally, the inhibition of growth of Mucor spp., including M. mucedo , caused by anethole was accompanied by swollen hyphae resulting from the direct restriction of chitin and chitosan biosynthesis . Chitin and chitosan are principal components of the cell wall in zygomycetes, including Mucor spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anethole induces apoptotic cell death accompanied by reactive oxygen species production and DNA fragmentation in Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2014

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trans-Anethole (anethole), a major component of anise oil, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and antimicrobial activity that is weaker than that of other antibiotics on the market. When combined with polygodial, nagilactone E, and n-dodecanol, anethole has been shown to possess significant synergistic antifungal activity against a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a human opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. However, the antifungal mechanism of anethole has not been completely determined. We found that anethole stimulated cell death of a human opportunistic pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus, in addition to S. cerevisiae. The anethole-induced cell death was accompanied by reactive oxygen species production, metacaspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. Several mutants of S. cerevisiae, in which genes related to the apoptosis-initiating execution signals from mitochondria were deleted, were resistant to anethole. These results suggest that anethole-induced cell death could be explained by oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis via typical mitochondrial death cascades in fungi, including A. fumigatus and S. cerevisiae.

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“…A previous report suggests that the morphological changes on Mucor mucedo treated with anethole (major component of anise oil) could be explained by the fragility of cell wall caused by chitin synthase inhibition (Yutani et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Physiological Changes on Rhizopus stolonifer by Effect of Chitosan, Oligochitosan or Essential Oils

Alfaro-Gutiérrez

Guerra-Sánchez

Hernández-Lauzardo

et al. 2014

Journal of Phytopathology

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Effects of chitosan, oligochitosan and the essential oils of clove and cinnamon were evaluated on hyphal morphology, cell wall thickness, minimum medium pH changes and respiration of Rhizopus stolonifer. Changes in hyphal morphology were observed due to chitosan or oligochitosan treatment in this fungus. Mycelial branching, abnormal shapes and swelling were showed on hyphae of R. stolonifer treated with chitosan, whereas the development of hyphae was markedly inhibited by the effect of oligochitosan. Clove and cinnamon oils caused few morphological changes in the hyphae of R. stolonifer. Cell wall thickness was increased approximately 2‐ to 3‐fold by effect of chitosan, oligochitosan and the essential oil of clove. R. stolonifer grown in minimum medium generated a decrease in the medium's pH. However, the addition of chitosan or oligochitosan caused increases in pH of medium culture. The highest pH value (5.4) was observed in the presence of chitosan. The respiration of R. stolonifer was stimulated at low concentrations of chitosan, oligochitosan or essential oils. Significant changes in morphology and physiology of this fungus were demonstrated by the effect of all evaluated compounds. The most important changes were induced on cells of R. stolonifer treated with chitosan and oligochitosan.

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Morphological Changes of the Filamentous Fungus Mucor Mucedo and Inhibition of Chitin Synthase Activity Induced by Anethole

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Chemosensitization as a Means to Augment Commercial Antifungal Agents

Chemosensitization as a Means to Augment Commercial Antifungal Agents

Anethole induces apoptotic cell death accompanied by reactive oxygen species production and DNA fragmentation in Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Morphological and Physiological Changes on Rhizopus stolonifer by Effect of Chitosan, Oligochitosan or Essential Oils

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