Morphological changes in bitches endometrium affected by cystic endometrial hyperplasia - pyometra complex – the value of histopathological examination

Abstract

Background Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH-P) is one of the most common uteropathies in bitches. In diseases with mild or obscure clinical signs and normal uterine size, a diagnosis based on a clinical assessment might be incorrect. The main aim of the research was to determine the morphological variables accompanying uterine diseases in bitches in microscopic evaluation. Consequently, the obtained results can be used to create a new classification system for uterine pathological changes during the development of the CEH-P, diagnosed by microscopic examination in bitches. Material for the study consisted of the uteri of 120 female dogs, aged 1–16 years, obtained during routine ovariohysterectomies. Macroscopic observation after a longitudinal incision of the uterine horns, allowed a preliminary classification of the uteri into research groups: control group (physiological uteri), and groups GI-III uteri collected form bitches with varying degrees of endometrial pathology. These preliminary classifications were then verified by histological analysis (H&E stain). Results The obtained results made it possible to determine and describe the prevalence (%) of pathological changes characteristic of the analyzed uterine diseases in the examined bitches. Histopathological analyses that were conducted have confirmed preliminary macroscopic evaluation for the control group, group GII (CEH), and group GIII (pyometra). In the uteri of the GI group, a severe congestion of the endometrium has been observed – this is typical of inflammation – which was not confirmed during histopathological examinations. However, these examinations revealed acute endometrial haemorrhage of varying severity. Conclusions Early reproduction disorders in bitches are, in general, not confirmed by clinical signs in the examined animals. The results show that during classification of typical morphological changes in the endometrium over the development of the CEH-P complex in bitches microscopic examinations are required. The obtained results indicate a frequent lack of consistency in the macroscopic assessment and histological analysis of the endometrium, observed in the analyzed uterine diseases, which in most cases is not followed by clinical symptoms. The presented classification of uterine diseases may be useful as a diagnostic tool in reproductive disorders in bitches and in examination in the field of basic research.

First report on clinical aspects, blood profiles, bacterial isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility, and histopathology in canine pyometra in Thailand

“…These results follow other observations [14,24]. For example, rapid detection before the liver and kidney is injured due to systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ dysfunctions make the treatment successful [30].…”

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Isoforms in Canine Endometrium with Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia–Pyometra Complex

“…Additionally, bitches diagnosed with pyometra presented other characteristic symptoms, with hematological changes specific to this disorder, as we have previously described [ 25 ].…”

“…The obtained results indicate that the uteri of bitches affected by CEH–pyometra complex had a significantly higher level of TGF-β1 expression (mRNA and protein expression) compared to the control group and bitches with CEH. Pathological uteri with CEH–pyometra included tissues characterized by an advanced endometrial inflammatory process [ 25 , 28 ]. In presented histopathological studies, in bitches affected by CEH–pyometra, a significant degree of fibrosis of the endometrium was also observed in individual cases, which could confirm the involvement of TGF-β1 in both inflammatory and degenerative processes.…”

“…As we have recently described, a typical CEH–pyometra uterus presented with a major degree of endometritis, mainly purulent, and chronic, inflammatory processes in the endometrial stroma with the infiltration of inflammatory cells [ 25 ]. Additionally, in several cases, multifocal fibrosis of the endometrium and adenomyosis was observed.…”

“…Contiguous sections were stained with H&E using procedures that we previously described [ 25 ]. Briefly, sections were deparaffinized in xylene (2 × 5 min) and rehydrated with successive washes in 100%, 96%, 80% and 70% ethanol.…”