Morphological changes associated with novobiocin resistance in Bacillus licheniformis

Robson, Richard M.; Baddiley, J.

doi:10.1128/jb.129.2.1045-1050.1977

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The suppression of only the last stage brought about by various external factors results in long cell chaining in bacteria which have only one plane of cell division (4-6, 20, 22-24) and in cell packeting in bacteria with three planes of division perpendicular to one another (15 , 17, 27). Electron microscopic studies have revealed that individual cells in the long chains are connected by cross walls (6,20). In cell packets, however, the connecting point of individual cells has not been well defined, except that anaerobic sarcinae are known to have a strong tendency to form cell packets (Bergey's Manual, 8th ed.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Cell Wall‐Bridge Maintaining Three Dimensional Structure of Cell Packets Formed by the Localized Suppression of Cell Separation of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) Mutant1

Monodane

Matsushima

Kotani

1979

Microbiology and Immunology

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Cell packets of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) mutant strain MT grown in medium supplemented with trypsin consisted of a tetrad as the unit structure. An interstice was observed between the unit-tetrads, and a three dimensional structure of cell packets was maintained by the cell wall-bridge along the rim of the cell packets which linked each unit-tetrad. This unique structure of strain MT cell packets seemed to occur when the cell separation was suppressed locally, i.e., when the cross wall inside the initial site of cell separation was cut off, while the wall outside the initial site of separation was not cut off but remained as a joint of the daughter cells.The mechanism of cell wall-bridge formation is discussed in connection with cell separation.Bacteria in general multiply via the three overlapping stages of cell surface extension, cell division, and cell separation. The suppression of only the last stage brought about by various external factors results in long cell chaining in bacteria which have only one plane of cell division (4-6, 20, 22-24) and in cell packeting in bacteria with three planes of division perpendicular to one another (15 , 17, 27). Electron microscopic studies have revealed that individual cells in the long chains are connected by cross walls (6,20). In cell packets, however, the connecting point of individual cells has not been well defined, except that anaerobic sarcinae are known to have a strong tendency to form cell packets (Bergey's Manual, 8th ed.) in which connecting materials of individual cells are cross walls or cellulose (2).We found that Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) mutant strain MT occurring in tetrads formed cell packets when grown in medium with proteolytic enzymes added (17). This paper reveals that the cell wall-bridge is a material maintaining a regular arrangement of the above mentioned cell packets and discusses how this wall-bridge is formed.

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Cell Wall‐Bridge Maintaining Three Dimensional Structure of Cell Packets Formed by the Localized Suppression of Cell Separation of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) Mutant1

Monodane

Matsushima

Kotani

1979

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Spontaneous mutants of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945 have been described (28) that are resistant to low levels of novobiocin (Nov) and invariably display both altered colonial and cell morphology. These strains usually grow as long chains of cells in the presence or absence of novobiocin, and it was concluded that this failure to undergo normal cell separation is a consistent consequence of novobiocin resistance in this organism.…”

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Role of teichuronic acid in Bacillus licheniformis: defective autolysis due to deficiency of teichuronic acid in a novobiocin-resistant mutant

Robson¹,

Baddiley²

1977

J Bacteriol

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nov-12, a novobiocin-resistant mutant of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945, grows as long chains of cells, a characteristic of autolytic-deficient (Lyt-) mutants. Isolated walls from nov-12 autolyzed at a rate equal to 5% of that displayed by wild-type walls, thus confirming the Lyt- phenotype. Protein-free nov-12 walls displayed marked resistance to, and also failure to bind, added autolysin solubilized from wild-type walls. Comparison of isolated cell walls revealed a deficiency in teichuronic acid in the mutant. Lesser differences were observed in walls of this strain, including a reduction in galactose, an increase in the proportion of peptidoglycan, and small quantitative differences in peptidoglycan composition though the proportions of protein and teichoic acid were similar in walls of both strains. Autolytic sensitivity was studied in walls in which protein, teichoic acid, and teichuronic acid were removed successively by selective extraction procedures. Autolysis of wild-type walls was unaffected by removal or protein or teichoic acid, but teichuronic acid removal rendered wild-type walls as insensitive to autolysis as mutant walls had been throughout. Therefore, in this mutant, deficiency in teichuronic acid alone leads to the Lyt- phenotype and, hence, activity and binding of autolysin(s) are dependent upon teichuronic acid but not teichoic acid. Also, the potential rate of autolysis of cell walls in this organism was correlated with the proportion of teichuronic acid in the wall. The possible significance of these findings with respect to control of autolysis and cell separation is discussed.

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“…Aerobic bacterial growth in the reactor was examined with the obligate aerobes Bacillus subtilis W23 and B. licheniformis Nov 12. The former is a prototrophic strain and the latter a filamentous mutant of B. licheniformis ATCC 9945 (Robson & Baddiley 1977). Both have a growth rate of approximately l/h in shaken flask cultures in the medium used.…”

Section: G R O W T H O F Bacillus Subtilis a N D B Licheniformismentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture of bacteria in an aerated, rectangular tank reactor

Backhurst¹,

Chaalal²,

Harker³

et al. 1991

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Aerobic bacterial growth was assessed in a simple rectangular vessel with good mixing achieved solely by air flow. Growth became oxygen limited at culture densities below 1·5 mg dry wt/ml, even at maximum air flow and the extent of oxygen‐sufficient growth depended on the volume of the culture and the air flow rate. However, the system permitted high retention of biomass growing attached to kiesel‐ghur beads, indicating conditions of low shear. The system may be suitable for cheap cultivation of slow‐growing micro‐organisms and for anaerobic or shear‐sensitive cultures.

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Morphological changes associated with novobiocin resistance in Bacillus licheniformis

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Cell Wall‐Bridge Maintaining Three Dimensional Structure of Cell Packets Formed by the Localized Suppression of Cell Separation of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) Mutant1

Cell Wall‐Bridge Maintaining Three Dimensional Structure of Cell Packets Formed by the Localized Suppression of Cell Separation of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) Mutant1

Role of teichuronic acid in Bacillus licheniformis: defective autolysis due to deficiency of teichuronic acid in a novobiocin-resistant mutant

Culture of bacteria in an aerated, rectangular tank reactor

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