Morphological and radiological study of lymph nodes in dromedaries in Algeria

Abstract

Despite significant progress in the study of the subtle mechanisms of interaction between cellular and molecular elements in immune responses, the general structure of the organs of the immune system, including the lymph node, has not been sufficiently studied, in particular in large farm animals. The lymph nodes of sexually mature camels have been studied anatomically and morphologically and advanced studies conducted using an X-ray system and a computer densitometer scanner with injection of a contrast medium. The topography and characteristics of the morphometric parameters (absolute and relative mass, linear measurements, volume) of certain somatic and visceral lymph nodes were determined. The mass of the lymph nodes studied varies according to the location and the interest of the organ in the satellite defense of the lymphoid system, For part of the x-ray examination of the lymph nodes, organs of large inguinal and axillary shape were selected after passing through a solution of tetraethyl-4,4-diamino-triphenylmethane oxalate, the lymph vessels were dilated and darkened, then iodine injections were made into the afferent lymphatic vessel of two lymph nodes; they were placed on the radiological cassette, a photograph taken on conventional radiography, for computer densitometer, the examination was made without preparation of the organs. A capsule encompasses the parenchyma of the lymph node, whose internal structure is composed of different zones, cortical, paracortical and medullary, on the one hand the lymphatic vessels were very clear especially with the conventional radiography with preparation of the organs, while the computer densitometer clearly revealed the deep texture of the parenchyma, basing it on the intensity of emission saturation from the use of computer densitometer.

Anatomo-topographic and histo-cytological study of dromedary’s spleen in Algeria

“…Also, it was observed that the marginal sinus of the marginal zone infiltrates in the marginal zone in the direction of the red pulp supplying the blood directly in the adjacent venous sinuses whose ends which appear open with the marginal zone and penetrate into the reticular mesh of the red pulp and bypass the reticular mesh of the red pulp. It was found that blood from the red pulp collects in the venous sinuses which enter the trabeculae and merge into the trabecular veins, the trabecular veins then converge at the hilum to form the splenic vein which drains to the exterior of the organ, as has been demonstrated by the authors [26].…”

“…The length of the spleens as a value a variation between groups and followed an ascending order same the mass, in which the minimal length value was 40,10 cm observed in the first group, while the maximal length was 51,30 cm observed in the fifth group. The width also showed a variation following an ascending order from the second to the fourth group in which the values were 47,3 cm, 49,9 cm and 50,6 cm respectively, the minimal value of width was 17,60 cm found in the first group, whereas the maximal width was 26 The outer layer mainly consisted of connective tissue including collagen, rubber bands and fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The inner layer was made up mostly of smooth muscle cells that appear parallel along the longitudinal cut.…”

“…On the other hand, the authors [26] showed that these trabeculae also contain blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.…”