Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of a Gymnodinium-like species from the Chinese Coast

Chen, Guofu; Wang, Guangce; Zhang, Chunyun; Zhou, Bingwei

doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0108-9

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A strain of Karenia selliformis (GM94GAB) at the IFREMER culture collection was incorrectly known as G. maguelonnense [198] , used in experiments under this name [199] and deposited to GenBank under this name (AF318225, now corrected). Unfortunately, several phylogenetic studies have included this sequence as G. maguelonnense [200] , [201] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Taxonomists have been tasked with cataloguing and quantifying the Earth’s biodiversity. Their progress is measured in code-compliant species descriptions that include text, images, type material and molecular sequences. It is from this material that other researchers are to identify individuals of the same species in future observations. It has been estimated that 13% to 22% (depending on taxonomic group) of described species have only ever been observed once. Species that have only been observed at the time and place of their original description are referred to as oncers. Oncers are important to our current understanding of biodiversity. They may be validly described species that are members of a rare biosphere, or they may indicate endemism, or that these species are limited to very constrained niches. Alternatively, they may reflect that taxonomic practices are too poor to allow the organism to be re-identified or that the descriptions are unknown to other researchers. If the latter are true, our current tally of species will not be an accurate indication of what we know. In order to investigate this phenomenon and its potential causes, we examined the microbial eukaryote genus Gymnodinium. This genus contains 268 extant species, 103 (38%) of which have not been observed since their original description. We report traits of the original descriptions and interpret them in respect to the status of the species. We conclude that the majority of oncers were poorly described and their identity is ambiguous. As a result, we argue that the genus Gymnodinium contains only 234 identifiable species. Species that have been observed multiple times tend to have longer descriptions, written in English. The styles of individual authors have a major effect, with a few authors describing a disproportionate number of oncers. The information about the taxonomy of Gymnodinium that is available via the internet is incomplete, and reliance on it will not give access to all necessary knowledge. Six new names are presented – Gymnodinium campbelli for the homonymous name Gymnodinium translucens Campbell 1973, Gymnodinium antarcticum for the homonymous name Gymnodinium frigidum Balech 1965, Gymnodinium manchuriensis for the homonymous name Gymnodinium autumnale Skvortzov 1968, Gymnodinium christenum for the homonymous name Gymnodinium irregulare Christen 1959, Gymnodinium conkufferi for the homonymous name Gymnodinium irregulare Conrad & Kufferath 1954 and Gymnodinium chinensis for the homonymous name Gymnodinium frigidum Skvortzov 1968.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other lipophilic shellfish toxin groups, such as PTX, YTX, and gymnodimines (GYM), have been found in shellfish [ 5 , 6 ] or seawater [ 8 ]. In addition, toxic microalgae that produce lipophilic shellfish toxins have been found, such as Dinophysis and Prorocentrum lima (likely producers of OA, DTX and PTX), Gymnodinium (GYM producer) [ 9 , 10 ], Azadinium poporum (AZA producer) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The apparent range expansion of toxic phytoplankton and their associated toxins along the coast of China poses a persistent threat of exposure to lipophilic shellfish toxins for consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market

Yao

Guo

et al. 2015

Marine Drugs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate the prevalence of lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish from the Chinese market, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure levels of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid (AZA1), pectenotoxin (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), and spirolide (SPX1). We collected and analyzed 291 shellfish samples from main production sites along a wide latitudinal transect along the Chinese coastline from December 2008 to December 2009. Results revealed a patchy distribution of the five toxins and highlighted the specific geographical distribution and seasonal and species variation of the putative toxigenic organisms. All five lipophilic marine biotoxins were found in shellfish samples. The highest concentrations of OA, AZA1, PTX2, GYM, and SPX1 were 37.3, 5.90, 16.4, 14.4, and 8.97 μg/kg, respectively. These values were much lower than the legislation limits for lipophilic shellfish toxins. However, the value might be significantly underestimated for the limited detection toxins. Also, these toxins were found in most coastal areas of China and were present in almost all seasons of the year. Thus, these five toxins represent a potential threat to human health. Consequently, studies should be conducted and measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the harvested product.

show abstract

Genetic diversity of free-living Symbiodinium in surface water and sediment of Hawai‘i and Florida

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of a Gymnodinium-like species from the Chinese Coast

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

Distribution of Marine Lipophilic Toxins in Shellfish Products Collected from the Chinese Market

Genetic diversity of free-living Symbiodinium in surface water and sediment of Hawai‘i and Florida

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About