Morphological and molecular characterisation of Echinococcus granulosus in livestock and humans in Punjab, Pakistan

Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis

“…A more recent study in Punjab documents a reduction of the prevalence, with the following values: camels (17.3%; 95% fertile cysts), sheep (7.5%, 86.4% fertile cysts), buffaloes (7.2%; 84.3% fertile cysts), goats (5.5%; 79.1% fertile cysts) and cattle (5.2%; 75.3% fertile cysts) (Latif et al, 2010). Both G1 and G3 were detected in goats, camels and cattle in Punjab (Latif et al, 2010). p1565…”

“…In Pakistan, transmission in the sheep-dog assemblage is important and the lack of abattoirs in rural communities and home slaughter of livestock is common, especially on religious occasions. Lack of public awareness concerning CE transmission, poor hygienic conditions and improper disposal of offal support the access of Echinococcus cysts to dogs (Latif et al, 2010 In India, transmission is strongly related to cultural, educational, socioeconomical and agricultural factors (Traub et al, 2005). Uncontrolled home slaughter, especially for religious events, is common.…”

“…CE has been diagnosed in livestock (sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes) throughout the country, and camels in Aligarh (Irshadullah et al, 1989). High prevalence and high rates of fertility of the cysts in cattle and buffaloes are explained by the older age at which the animals are slaughtered and host-adapted strains (G5, G3) (Pednekar et al, 2009 Pakistan G1 10,11 G1, G3 10,11 G1 10,11 G1, G3 10,11 Afghanistan G6 10 1 (Sharma et al, 2013); 2 (Singh et al, 2014b); 3 (Singh, 2011); 4 (Pednekar et al, 2009); 5 (Gudewar et al, 2009); 6 (Bhattacharya et al, 2007); 7 (Devleesschauwer et al, 2014); 8 (Zhang et al, 2000); 9 (Thapa et al, 2016); 10 (Alvarez Rojas et al, 2014); 11 (Latif et al, 2010).…”

“…These reports identified over 470 human CE cases in a 10-year period in Karachi and Punjab [see Latif et al (2010)]. Despite the predominance of G3 in livestock, the two characterized cysts from humans were G1 (Latif et al, 2010). p1590…”

Biochemical markers and fertility rate of hydatid cyst isolated from human and animal in Sulaimani province

“…The larval stage (metacestode) can grow in various body organs, although the commonest sites of infection are the liver and lungs [9], whereas, the disease cannot be transmitted to humans or from human to dogs [10]. The new molecular tools is a most accurate method to determine genetic variation of E.granulosus to date ten distinct genotypes were identified (G1-G10) based on the DNA market [11], also morphological and biochemical criteria were studied by researchers [12], [13]. The strains of E.granulosus were found in the domestic animals known as intermediate hosts: sheep, pigs, cattle, horses, camels, goats and cervid [14], the researchers confirmed that seven of these strains were found to be infective to human [15].…”