Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis

Deplazes, Peter; Rinaldi, Laura; Rojas, Cristian A. Álvarez; Torgerson, Paul R.; Harandi, Majid Fasihi; Römig, Thomas; Antolová, Daniela; Schurer, Janna M.; Lahmar, Samia; Cringoli, Giuseppe; Magambo, Japhet; Thompson, R.C.A.; Jenkins, Emily J.

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2016.11.001

Cited by 713 publications

(719 citation statements)

References 587 publications

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“…In Tunisia, E. granulosus s.s. is prevalent in domestic and wild intermediate hosts, golden jackals, stray dogs and humans Deplazes et al 2017). Although three Echinococcus species namely, E. granulosus s.s., Echinococcus canadensis and Echinococcus equinus, have been identified from various intermediate hosts in Tunisia, to date, E. granulosus s.s. is the only species reported from definitive hosts (dogs and wild canids) (Lahmar et al 2009Boufana et al 2014Boufana et al , 2015Chaâbane-Banaoues et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal helminths of stray dogs from Tunisia with special reference to zoonotic infections

Lahmar¹,

Arfa²,

Othmen³

et al. 2017

Parasitology Open

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Sixteen intestinal helminth species were recovered from 271 necropsied stray dogs during a survey undertaken in Raoued and Soukra, two northeastern rural regions of Tunisia. Recorded parasites included trematodes (Brachylaemus sp., Phagicola italica, Heterophyes heterophyes), cestodes (Echinococcus granulosus, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium noelleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Mesocestoides litteratus, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia multiceps), nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis) and one acanthocephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. This is the first record of Brachylaemus sp., P. italica, H. heterophyes, D. noelleri and M. hirudinaceus in dogs from Tunisia. Echinococcus granulosus was found in 5·16% of dogs with a higher intensity of infection recorded in younger animals (303 worms/infected dog). Molecular analysis confirmed E. granulosus sensu stricto as the cause of canine echinococcosis. This epidemiological study investigating the status of intestinal helminths of dogs recorded a prevalence of 98·89% and a mean intensity of 87·62 worms per infected dog and confirmed the infection of 95·14% of dogs with helminths of potential zoonotic concern. Results of this study emphasize the need to interrupt parasite transmission using preventive approaches in zoonoses control programmes mainly against cystic echinococcosis, as well as reducing transmission to other animals by regular dog dosing treatments and proper management of dog populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal helminths of stray dogs from Tunisia with special reference to zoonotic infections

Lahmar¹,

Arfa²,

Othmen³

et al. 2017

Parasitology Open

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“…Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is endemic in the northern hemisphere, where its extensive range includes the central part of western Europe, parts of the near East, Russia, and the central Asian Republics, China, northern Japan, and Alaska 3. China alone endures 90% of the global burden of AE, with over 16 000 primarily diagnosed cases every year 4, 5. To date, radical hepatectomy accompanied by albendazole therapy is deemed to be the best solution for HAE 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel techniques and preliminary results of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: A study of 31 cases

Yang

Qiu

Huang

et al. 2018

American Journal of Transplantation

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Ex vivo liver resection combined with autotransplantation is a recently introduced approach to cure end‐stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), which is considered unresectable by conventional radical resection due to echinococcal dissemination into the crucial intrahepatic conduits and adjacent structures. This article aims discuss the manipulation details and propose reasonable indications for this promising technique. All patients successfully underwent liver autotransplantation with no intraoperative mortality. The median weight of the autografts was 636 g (360‐1300 g), the median operation time was 12.5 hours (9.4‐19.5 hours), and the median anhepatic phase was 309 minutes (180‐ 460 minutes). Intraoperative blood loss averaged 1800 mL (1200‐6000 mL). Postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients during hospitalization; 5 patients experienced postoperative complications classified as Clavien‐Dindo grade III or higher, and 2 patients died of intraabdominal bleeding and acute cerebral hemorrhage, respectively. Twenty‐nine patients were followed for a median of 14.0 months (3‐42 months), and no HAE recurrence was detected. The technique requires neither an organ donor nor any postoperative immunosuppressant, and the success of the treatment relies on meticulous preoperative assessments and precise surgical manipulation.

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“…Although farfetched, and to some extent refuted by the constant infection trend, the hypothesis by Torgerson et al (1995) that the occurrence of CE (and that of other metacestodoses) be due to egg dispersion by birds and coprophagous insects, cannot be excluded. Still, the most likely way of contamination might be through the access to the cattle farms of stray dogs, a common problem in some areas of Sardinia and elsewhere (Cringoli et al, 2007;Varcasia et al, 2011;Deplazes et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is a zoonotic disease of worldwide importance that is widespread in the whole Mediterranean region, from North Africa to Greece, Turkey, Balkan regions, Mediterranean France and Spain as well as southern Italy with the islands of Sicily and Sardinia Deplazes et al, 2017). It has been defined one of the most important parasitic zoonoses in several countries of the Mediterranean Basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis in cattle dairy farms: spatial distribution and epidemiological dynamics

Scala¹,

Bosco²,

Pipia³

et al. 2017

Geospat Health

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A study monitoring cystic echinococcosis (CE) in adult dairy cattle from intensive livestock farms located in the municipality of Arborea (Sardinia, Italy) was carried out between 2012 and 2015. A retrospective study of veterinary reporting forms of post-mortem inspections in 10 different Italian slaughterhouses was also performed. In addition, data on viability and molecular characterisation of hydatid cysts removed from parasitised organs in cattle was carried out. A geographical information system (GIS) with data layers of the study area and the geo-referenced points of 160 cattle farms was constructed. CE was found in 21.9% (35/160) of the surveyed farms. The retrospective study revealed that 0.05% (13/23,656) of adult slaughtered animals (over one year of age) from Arborea had tested positive to CE. The results stratified per year showed the following CE prevalences: 0.09% (5/5673) in 2012; 0.02% (1/5682) in 2013; 0.08% (5/6261) in 2014; and 0.03% (2/6040) in 2015 (χ 2 with 3 degrees of freedom=3.81; P=0.282). The E. granulosus sensu stricto (formerly called G1 or sheep strain) was detected in all cysts subjected to molecular analysis. The GIS analysis showed that CE is fairly resilient in the Arborea territory where most of cattle farms are located, while a small cluster of cases was found located in the southeastern part of Arborea, close to districts where sheep farms are situated. The present survey reports the presence of CE in Sardinian dairy cattle intensive farms and suggests that the parasitic pressure of CE in the island continues to be very strong.

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Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis

Cited by 713 publications

References 587 publications

Intestinal helminths of stray dogs from Tunisia with special reference to zoonotic infections

Intestinal helminths of stray dogs from Tunisia with special reference to zoonotic infections

Novel techniques and preliminary results of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: A study of 31 cases

Cystic echinococcosis in cattle dairy farms: spatial distribution and epidemiological dynamics

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