Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of DNA SAMs Combining Nanolithography with AFM and Optical Methods

Pinto, Giulia; Canepa, Paolo; Canale, Claudio; Canepa, M.; Cavalleri, Ornella

doi:10.3390/ma13132888

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The mechanism of these interesting biosensors is based on the principle of sensing alterations with the dimensions of photons or light. Various kinds of optical biosensors that have been investigated for different viruses, especially human coronaviruses, are plasmon resonance (SPR) [ 114 ], ellipsometric and reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) [ 54 , 115 ], colorimetric [ 54 , 116 ], fluorescent [ 117 ], and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [ 118 , 119 ]. Among these optical biosensing assays, SPR biosensors are of great importance as they can directly measure the alterations happening in the refractive index of light on the sensor surface, reflecting the analyte concentration.…”

Section: Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays

et al. 2020

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A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin (SARS-CoV-2) has recently been recognized in patients with acute respiratory disease. COVID-19 causative agent is structurally and genetically similar to SARS and bat SARS-like coronaviruses. The drastic increase in the number of coronavirus and its genome sequence have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform bioinformatics and genomics analysis on this class of viruses. Clinical tests like PCR and ELISA for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed for early identification of infected patients. However, these techniques are expensive and not readily available for point-of-care (POC) applications. Currently, lack of any rapid, available, and reliable POC detection method gives rise to the progression of COVID-19 as a horrible global problem. To solve the negative features of clinical investigation, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of coronaviruses and describe various amplification assays, sensing, biosensing, immunosensing, and aptasensing for the determination of various groups of coronaviruses applied as a template for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. All sensing and biosensing techniques developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus, i.e., SARS-CoV-2. Also, the introduction of sensing and biosensing methods sheds light on the way of designing a proper screening system to detect the virus at the early stage of infection to tranquilize the speed and vastity of spreading. Among other approaches investigated among molecular approaches and PCR or recognition of viral diseases, LAMP-based methods and LFAs are of great importance for their numerous benefits, which can be helpful to design a universal platform for detection of future emerging pathogenic viruses.

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Section: Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays

et al. 2020

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“…I valori del modulo di Young del biofilm risultano, come previsto, inferiori a quelli del substrato d'oro. [38].…”

Section: Fig 3 Esperimenti DI Shaving Su Sam Di Dna Preparati a Bassa Forza Ionica (A-c) E Ad Alta Forza Ionica (D-f) Immagini Afm Acquisunclassified

“…Si tratta di un oligonucleotide formato da 22 basi avente un linker tiolato costituito da una catena di esantiolo. Si rimanda a Pinto et al [38] per i dettagli sperimentali. Entrambi shaving ed imaging sono stati eseguiti nello stesso buffer utilizzato per il self-assembly del DNA.…”

Section: Introduzioneunclassified

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<em>SELF-ASSEMBLY</em> DI DNA SU SUPERFICIE: UNO STUDIO COMBINATO NANOLITOGRAFIA/SPETTROSCOPIA OTTICA

Cavalleri¹

2020

SCIENZE

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The self-assembly of organic molecules and biomolecules on inorganic surfaces is a complex process which results from the interplay between different interactions: molecule/molecule, molecule/surface, and molecule/solvent interactions. The interest in the study of molecular self-assembly derives from the possibility to obtain functionalized surfaces that exhibit the functional properties of the deposited (bio) molecules. Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) are indeed widely used in biosensing. SAMs of organosulphur compounds on gold are among the most widely studied SAMs. In the following, a combined approach that couples scanning probe microscopy and spectroellipsometry is discussed and applied to the study of the morphological, mechanical and optical properties of SAMs of DNA single strands. DNA SAMs are a widely investigated system since they can be exploited for the design of DNA microarrays based on the hybridization between complementary DNA strands.

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“…Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has now been commercially available for over 30 years and the technique has been applied to analysing a diverse range of samples including, for example, living cells [1,2], hair and wool fibres [3,4], nanomaterials [5,6], DNA [7,8] and polymers [9,10]. AFM has also been applied to measuring the strength of chemical bonds [11,12] and surface forces [13,14] as well as determining the mechanical properties of a variety materials [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Attachment of Carbon Nanotubes to Atomic Force Microscopy Tips Using the Pick-Up Method

Gibson

2020

Applied Sciences

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In the last 30 years research has shown that the resolution and reproducibility of data acquired using the atomic force microscope (AFM) can be improved through the development of new imaging modes or by modifying the AFM tip. One method that has been explored since the 1990s is to attach carbon nanotubes (CNT) to AFM tips. CNTs possess a small diameter, high aspect ratio, high strength and demonstrate a high degree of wear resistance. While early indications suggested the widespread use of these types of probes would be routine this has not been the case. A number of methods for CNT attachment have been proposed and explored including chemical vapor deposition (CVD), dielectrophoresis and manual attachment inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). One of the earliest techniques developed is known as the pick-up method and involves adhering CNTs to AFM tips by simply scanning the AFM tip, in tapping mode, across a CNT-covered surface until a CNT attaches to the AFM tip. In this work we will further investigate how, for example, high force tapping mode imaging can improve the stability and success rate of the pick-up method. We will also discuss methods to determine CNT attachment to AFM probes including changes in AFM image resolution, amplitude versus distance curves and SEM imaging. We demonstrate that the pick-up method can be applied to a range of AFM probes, including contact mode probes with relatively soft spring constants (0.28 N/m). Finally, we demonstrate that the pick-up method can be used to attach CNTs to two AFM tips simultaneously. This is significant as it demonstrates the techniques potential for attaching CNTs to multiple AFM tips which could have applications in AFM-based data storage, devices such as the Snomipede, or making CNT-AFM tips more commercially viable.

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Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of DNA SAMs Combining Nanolithography with AFM and Optical Methods

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays

An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays

<em>SELF-ASSEMBLY</em> DI DNA SU SUPERFICIE: UNO STUDIO COMBINATO NANOLITOGRAFIA/SPETTROSCOPIA OTTICA

The Attachment of Carbon Nanotubes to Atomic Force Microscopy Tips Using the Pick-Up Method

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