Morphological and elemental analysis of alpaca hair (Vicugna pacos) using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM – EDX)

Mucha, Aleksandra; Janeczek, Maciej

doi:10.21521/mw.6046

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Elemental analysis of the underfur of the camelids by XRF did not reveal significant differences in elements present or in their abundance. The elemental profiles in vicuña, alpaca and guanaco yielded similar results to the analysis of alpaca found by Mucha and Janeczek 43 . A more sensitive technique than XRF, such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐MS, may be more effective in showing differences among these taxa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Forensic identification of the keratin fibers of South American camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: Vicuña, alpaca and guanaco

Price

Larrabure

Gonzales

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The keratin fleece of the endangered vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) commands a high value in international markets, and this trade has caused illegal poaching and a substantial decrease in vicuña populations. Morphological analysis of hairs does not have the resolution to determine the species of origin of camelid natural fibers. In addition, commerce in camelid fleece also includes the legal trade of alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and guanaco (Lama guanicoe) wool. Methods The keratin fiber spectra of vicuña (n = 19), guanaco (n = 20) and alpaca (n = 20) were collected using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, Horizontal attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (HATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy and direct analysis in real time time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (DART‐TOFMS). Analysis with each technique evaluated the data to determine if the three taxa could be separated using either descriptive or multivariate statistics. Results XRF analysis showed that the elements detected and their relative concentrations were similar in all three species, whereas HATR‐FTIR analysis could identify alpaca fleece but could not differentiate vicuña from guanaco. Ions detected by ambient ionization using DART‐TOFMS, in either positive‐ or negative‐ion mode, gave the best results and showed that each taxonomic group is distinctive. Multivariate analysis of the mass spectra created robust models which resolved each species (LOOCV = 99.9%). The analyses of eight validation samples were correctly assigned to the appropriate species and demonstrated the reliability of DART‐TOFMS to infer taxonomic source. Conclusions The DART‐TOFMS spectra of unmodified keratin fibers infer that the chemotype of each species is heavily influenced by fatty acids, cholesterol and its analogs, and that these ions are useful in separating the fleece of vicuña, alpaca and guanaco. We posit that the etiological source of these chemotype differences is consistent with genetic modulations and is less influenced by diet. Accurate taxonomic identification of fleece is important to identify violations and assists in the protection of rare species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Forensic identification of the keratin fibers of South American camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: Vicuña, alpaca and guanaco

Price

Larrabure

Gonzales

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…For alpacas, this gland is extremely important because it confers softness, texture and resistance to its fibers [10][11][12][13][14][21][22][23][24][25], which makes a difference to the analysis of fiber quality, determining the factors required and required by the textile industries [29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The architecture and structure of alpaca skin (Vicugna pacos): impacts on industry and wool trade

Sasahara

McManus

Neira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Alpacas are reared mainly for fiber extraction, which is a highly valued product in the textile industry. For this reason, this work aims to evaluate the morphological and quantitative aspects of the light and dark alpaca skin of Huacaya and Suri alpacas, comparing the structure and architecture of the scapular, costal and lateral femoral skin. Biopsies were collected from the skin of 12 alpacas from the Pacomarca Experimental Fund, located at Puno - Peru. The samples were weighed and fixed in 10% aqueous formalin solution for histological procedures. The histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, Picrossirius red and Masson Trichromic and immunostained for types I, III and IV collagen and S100.Results: The derma presented sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as follicular groups with primary and secondary hair follicles. Each follicle had a hair called fiber, some with medulla and some without, but both surrounded by cortex and cuticle. The skin presented similar immunostaining for type I, II and IV and S100. Collagen III was detected only in the derma. The total volume of the skin, derma, follicular groups and sebaceous and sweat glands was estimated by stereology for the three body regions for both Huacaya and Suri alpacas. The total volume of skin (Vref) and total volume of follicular groups (VGF) were different for body regions. Femoral region showed higher values for VGF. Colour and breed were also different for Vref and total volume of derma (VD).Conclusion: Comparing the two breeds the femoral region presented higher fiber production. Dark animals had more derma and it was reported close relationship between total skin volume and their fractions volumes: derma, follicular groups and sweat glands.

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“…A alpaca é um animal de extrema importância para o Peru, pois da criação desta espécie, pode-se resultar na produção de carne quanto de fibra. A fibra da alpaca é utilizada na indústria têxtil como um tecido de luxo, agregando valor à fonte de renda e de lucro para o país, além de ajudar a população em situação de pobreza e extrema pobreza, a qual que consegue se manter com as vendas destes produtos (WANG;WANG;LIU, 2003;MINAGRI, 2008MINAGRI, , 2018aPEÑA;UNANUA, 2013;MINCETUR, 2014;CARPIO VALENCIA, 2017;MUCHA;JANECZEK, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Neste contexto esta proposta visa estudar as estruturas que estão envolvidas no desenvolvimento da fibra da alpaca, para melhor auxiliar na linha de produção deste material, com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade da fibra visando a padronização da mesma em todas suas linhas de produção (VILLARROEL, 1963;WANG;WANG;LIU, 2003;PEÑA;UNANUA, 2013;MUCHA;JANECZEK, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Para as alpacas esta glândula é de extrema importância, pois confere maciez, textura e resistência às suas fibras (GETTY, 1986;BANKS, 1991;SAMUELSON, 2007;TORRES DE JASAUI et al, 2007;VÉLEZ et al, 2009VÉLEZ et al, , 2016LACOLLA et al, 2010;JUNQUEIRA;CARNEIRO, 2013), fato que faz total diferença para a análise da qualidade da fibra, determinando os fatores necessários e requeridos pelas indústrias têxtis como afirmado por (WANG;WANG;LIU, 2003;PEÑA;UNANUA, 2013;MUCHA;JANECZEK, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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>b<Arquitetura e estrutura da pelagem da Alpaca(>i<Vicugna pacos>/i<)>/b<

Neira¹

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Alpacas are mainly raised for fiber production, which is a highly valued product in the textile industry. Therefore the purpose of this project aims to evaluate morphological and quantitative aspects of alpaca´s coat in Huacaya and Suri breeds, comparing the structure and architecture of the skin forelimb lateral region, thoracic lateral region, and hind limb lateral region, with three sub-regions: scapular, costal and lateral femoral respectively. For this project, 8 mm biopsies were collected from the coat of 12 alpacas, from the Pacomarca Experimental Fund, located in the city of Puno-Peru. The samples were weighed, immersed in 10% aqueous formaldehyde solution and then processed. After that, they were cut into fragments of 2 mm each, in order to obtain random samples for Stereological analyzes. Hematoxylin and Eosin, Picrosirius Red and Masson's Trichrome stains were used for the microscopic analysis. This last staining was also required for Stereological analysis. After obtaining the images, a slide with the points system was added to each sample in order to count the structures to be evaluated. Subsequently, markers for type I, III and IV collagen proteins were used to perform immunohistochemical analysis, as well as for S100. The structures found in the integumentary system of alpacas were the components of the skin, such as the epidermis, the dermis, and separating the two structures, the basal lamina. In the dermis it was possible to observed the sebaceous glands and sweat glands, as well as the follicular groups formed by primary follicles and secondary hair follicles in abundance. From each of these follicles a hair emerged called fiber. One of the factors used for this evaluation was the observation of the fibers diameter, which was measured in samples obtained from the costal region of the alpacas, and carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy technique. Measurements of 12.65 μm up to 55.00 μm were obtained. It was possible to observed fibers that had marrow and others that did not have marrow, making it possible to differ them in the three layers that composed the hair. Together, with the marrow, they composed the cortex and the cuticle, in addition to the layers of the hair follicle. Extracellular matrix proteins were also evaluated, in which type III collagen fibers were found, which marked only the collagen and reticular fibers present in the dermis and presenting a different marking when compared to the other collagens including S100 protein. The volume of the skin, dermis, follicular groups, sebaceous glands and sweat glands were evaluated through Stereological analysis, among the three body regions of each group of alpacas at a significance level of p <0.05, resulting in differences in the mean volume of the dermis and the mean volume of follicular groups in dark-colored Suri alpacas. The four groups of alpacas for each body region were also compared, with a significance level of p<0.05, and p>0.05 for the mean volumes of skin and dermis in the lateral femoral region.

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Morphological and elemental analysis of alpaca hair (Vicugna pacos) using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM – EDX)

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Forensic identification of the keratin fibers of South American camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: Vicuña, alpaca and guanaco

Forensic identification of the keratin fibers of South American camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: Vicuña, alpaca and guanaco

The architecture and structure of alpaca skin (Vicugna pacos): impacts on industry and wool trade

>b<Arquitetura e estrutura da pelagem da Alpaca(>i<Vicugna pacos>/i<)>/b<

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