Morphologic and Morphometric Evaluation of the Wormian Bones

Kiliç-Safak, Nazire; Taşkin, Rümeysa Gamze; Yücel, Ahmet Hilmi

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022020000100069

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While that study did not report the average size of the Wormian bones, other studies, including anthropological assessments of dry skulls have reported an average size of 1.2 × 1.1 cm. 6 The patient we report had a Wormian bone that was much larger, at 4 × 2.8 cm—sizeable enough to cause appreciable contour anomaly at birth. There are few reports of such sizeable Wormian bones, and the existing reports describe large Wormian bones in the anterior fontanelle rather than lambdoid suture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…4 On average, accessory bones typically measure approximately one square centimeter, though they can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters. 6 These ancillary bones can be associated with osteogenesis imperfecta as well as other disorders involving bone growth such as rickets, cleidocranial dysostosis, congenital hypothyroidism, and craniosynostosis. 4,7,8 In anthropologic studies of skulls, Wormian bones have also been documented to occur with increased prevalence in cultures employing intentional cranial deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: Orthotic Treatment of Cranial Asymmetry Arising from Large Wormian Bone

Kanack

Greaney²,

Ganske

2022

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Wormian bones are accessory bones found within fontanelles and sutures. They are thought to be an anatomic variant, though presence of several Wormian bones may be associated with pathological conditions such as osteogenesis imperfecta. Positional deformational plagiocephaly results from external forces on the infant skull leading to brachycephaly or asymmetric flattening. Severe cases are commonly treated with a cranial orthotic helmet that guides remodeling of the growing skull into a more symmetric shape. There is little reported about the association between Wormian bones and development of plagiocephaly. We present a case of a patient with occipital cranial asymmetry (cranial asymmetry index 10.4%) who underwent CT scan to rule out lambdoidal synostosis. This demonstrated patent sutures and a large right-sided Wormian bone. He was successfully treated with helmet therapy to address the contralateral deformational plagiocephaly. Wormian bones may be an under-recognized cause of asymmetrical cranial shape, potentially coexisting with deformational plagiocephaly. This case reports a role for orthotic therapy in these situations, as in isolated deformational plagiocephaly, to minimize asymmetry exacerbated by positioning on the contralateral side.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Orthotic Treatment of Cranial Asymmetry Arising from Large Wormian Bone

Kanack

Greaney²,

Ganske

2022

FACE

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“…5). Most wormian bones occur in the lambdoidal suture or at lambda and less often in the occipitomastoid (Safak et al 2020) and coronal sutures (Bellary et al 2013). Some studies report an absence of sagittal sutural bones (Safak et al 2020) whereas others demonstrate its presence albeit in small numbers (Vijay et al 2017).…”

Section: Wormian Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial pathologies in an early adolescent from the Funnel Beaker site of Modřice, Czechia

Williams

Tvrdý

Parma

2023

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Several craniofacial pathologies are present in an early adolescent from a cemetery (n = 22) associated with a Neolithic Funnel Beaker culture in Modřice, Czechia. The objective of the study was to document anomalies on the Modřice 3871 cranium, with an emphasis on investigating whether the mid-sagittal suture exhibited synostosis or bridging to account for the visible scaphocephaly. All available cranial and postcranial elements of the Modřice 3871 early adolescent were examined macroscopically. The cranial vault was subjected to radiography and compared to macroscopic views. Modřice 3871 is estimated to age to 12–14 years. Macroscopic examination and radiography support a diagnosis of mid-sagittal bridging rather than synostosis for this slender and anteroposteriorly elongated cranium. In comparison, the anterior sagittal, coronal and lambdoidal sutures are completely unfused. Craniofacial asymmetry, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis of the temporal and the presence of multiple wormian bones indicate additional maturational disruptions. The scaphocephaly observed in Modřice 3871 is not severe compared to modern clinical manifestations of craniosynostosis. Radiocarbon dated to 3,700–3,600 years BCE, Modřice 3871 presents one of the oldest recorded cases of scaphocephaly. The elongated vault is probably not the result of head-binding given the dearth of anthropogenic cranial reshaping in the Neolithic of Europe. This study adds to the growing recognition of prehistoric and historic craniofacial anomalies which will likely continue as additional human remains are excavated. In addition, the study increases the understanding of the lived experience of prehistoric individuals experiencing visible craniofacial pathologies such as cranial asymmetry and scaphocephaly.

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“…Wormian bones or sutural bones are accessory small bones which occur accidentally or intercalated between or near cranial sutures isolated from normal ossification center of skull [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…According to the literature, additional bones of the human skull with various localization in different populations occur with a frequency of 20-67% [2,6,7,11]. Some authors note gender differences in the frequency of inconstant cranial bones, while other authors don`t note such differences.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inconstant bones of the human skulls from scythians grave field near Kolomak village

2020

Actual Problems of Modern Medicine

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Summary: The research of the features of variant anatomy, as an integral part of paleoanthropological exploration, is an extremely important source of additional information about the anatomical structure of humans. Рatterns of variability and frequency distribution of discrete variational features in variant anatomy remain important. Cranioscopic variational (or non-metric) features - anatomical variations in the skeleton structure, registered according to the “presence-absence” principle, are an important source of information in studying the origin and ethnogenetic relationships of paleopopulations. These features include inconstant (additional) skull bones. By modern classification, there are three types of inconstant bones of the human skull: wormian (sutural) bones, fontanelle bones and insular bones. They have various causes: genetic factors, chronic high intracranial pressure, skull deformation, disturbances of the skull symmetry, different pathological processes, etc. The purpose of the work was to research the variant anatomy of inconstant bones of the human skull. The objective to research is the variant anatomy of inconstant skull bones of the human on the anthropological materials from the Scythian grave field. It located near Kolomak village in the Kharkiv region and dates back to IX – IV century BC. The 88 skulls of adult persons has been researched. The inconstant additional bones of skull were present in the structures of 16 skulls out of 88 (18.1%). Results. The sutural (wormian) bones were present in 12 skulls (13.6%), fontanelle bones – in 6 skulls (6.8%), insular bones were absent. In the anatomical structures of 10 skulls (11.4%) were only wormian bones, in 4 skulls (4.5%) were only fontanelle bones, in the structures of 2 skulls (2.3%) were combination of sutural and fontanelle additional bones. Often the inconstant bones were located in several sutures at the same time. The most common sutural bones were lambdoid suture bones - 9 skulls (10.2%). The inconstant bones of the coronal suture and sagittal suture were found in 2 skulls (2.3%). The additional bones of the occipital-mastoid, parietal-mastoid and squamosal sutures were absent on the examined osteological materials. The fontanelle bones most often located at the place of the occipital fontanellele and they were present in 4 skulls (4.5%). The additional fontanelle bones of the mastoid fontanellele were found in 2 skulls (2.3%). The frontal fontanelle bone was in 1 skull (1.1%). The additional fontanelle bones of the sphenoid fontanellele and interparietal bones were not found in the researched skulls. Conclusion. It is interesting to consider the case of combination in one skull a large inconstant bone of the sagittal suture with complete metopic (frontal) suture and occipital bone of sufficiently large size. The results of the research expanded and updated the existing data on the variant anatomy of inconstant cranial bones. Also, the results obtained maybe required in the further research of individual variability in the structure of the human’s skull.

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Morphologic and Morphometric Evaluation of the Wormian Bones

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Case Report: Orthotic Treatment of Cranial Asymmetry Arising from Large Wormian Bone

Case Report: Orthotic Treatment of Cranial Asymmetry Arising from Large Wormian Bone

Craniofacial pathologies in an early adolescent from the Funnel Beaker site of Modřice, Czechia

Inconstant bones of the human skulls from scythians grave field near Kolomak village

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