Morphogenesis and Three‐Dimensional Movement of the Stomach During the Human Embryonic Period

Three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the human embryonic and early-fetal period has been performed using digitized datasets obtained from the Kyoto Collection, in which the digital datasets play a primary role in research. Datasets include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquired with 1.5 T, 2.35 T, and 7 T magnet systems, phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography (CT), and digitized histological serial sections. Large, high-resolution datasets covering a broad range of developmental periods obtained with various methods of acquisition are key elements for the studies. The digital data have gross merits that enabled us to develop various analysis. Digital data analysis accelerated the speed of morphological observations using precise and improved methods by providing a suitable plane for a morphometric analysis from staged human embryos. Morphometric data are useful for quantitatively evaluating and demonstrating the features of development and for screening abnormal samples, which may be suggestive in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations. Morphometric data are also valuable for comparing sonographic data in a process known as "sonoembryology." The 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks may be useful tools for analyzing the positional change of interesting landmarks and their relationships during development. Several dynamic events could be explained by differential growth using 3D coordinates. Moreover, 3D coordinates can be utilized in mathematical analysis as well as statistical analysis. The 3D analysis in our study may serve to provide accurate morphologic data, including the dynamics of embryonic structures related to developmental stages, which is required for insights into the dynamic and complex processes occurring during organogenesis. Anat Rec, 301:960-969, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Section: Representative Methods For Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Representative Methods For Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Analysis of Human Embryos and Fetuses Using Digitized Datasets From the Kyoto Collection

Takakuwa

2018

“…The diffusion tensor map was calculated from seven images (one of them were acquired without MPG) according to the method reported by Basser (Basser and Pierpaoli, 1998), and using the tensor components, mean diffusivity (MD 5 ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient)) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated. Kagurasho et al, 2012;Nakashima et al, 2012;Hamabe et al, 2013;Shiraishi et al, 2013;Kaigai et al, 2014;Shiraishi et al, 2015;Kanahashi et al, 2016;Ueda et al, 2016).…”

Section: Nmr Parameter Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hamabe et al measured 3D morphological property of the liver of eight CS23 embryos and 21 fetuses and clarified the relation between fetal and embryonic livers(Hamabe et al, 2013). property of the stomach of 377 embryos ranging from CS16 to CS23 and clarified 3D movement of the stomach during the periods(Kaigai et al, 2014). Shiraishi et al analyzed the brain of 101 embryos ranging from CS13 to CS23 and precisely visualized the 3D structure of the brain(Shiraishi et al, 2015).Kanahashi et al analyzed the liver of 1,156 embryos ranging from CS14 to CS23 and confirmed nine latent abnormality of the liver that may result in spontaneous abortion(Kanahashi et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of Chemically Fixed Human Embryos Performed in University of Tsukuba Since 1999 to 2015

Kose

2018

Magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy of chemically fixed human embryos performed in University of Tsukuba since 1999 to 2015 was reviewed. More than 1,000 chemically fixed human embryos stored in the Congenital Anomaly Research Center of Kyoto University were used throughout the MR microscopy project, which was divided into three terms. In the first term (1999-2005), 3D MR images of 1,204 embryo specimens were acquired with 128 × 128 × 256 voxels by a super-parallel MR microscope using a 2.35 T horizontal-bore superconducting magnet. In the second term (2005-2006), 3D MR images of seven embryo specimens were acquired with 256 × 256 × 512 voxels by an MR microscope using a 9.4 T vertical wide-bore superconducting magnet. In the third term (2013-2015), 3D MR images of a Carnegie Stage (CS) 21 specimen were acquired with 512 × 512 × 1024 voxels by an MR microscope using a 4.7 T vertical wide-bore superconducting magnet and nuclear magnetic resonance parameters of a CS23 specimen were measured with 128 × 128 × 256-256 × 256 × 512 voxels by an MR microscope using a 9.4 T vertical narrow-bore superconducting magnet. Based on the results obtained in this project, the author has proposed the future MR microscopy project in which a number of embryo specimens will be imaged with 256 × 256 × 512-512 × 512 × 1024 voxels using a newly designed super-parallel MR microscope. Anat Rec, 301:987-997, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

“…The video figures are not supplemental material, which eventually may be deleted from server farms. Kaigai et al published the first AR WOW‐Video Article, providing digital movies of the movement of the stomach during the human embryonic period (Kaigai et al, ). The Anatomical Record's second, related publication innovation is interactive 3D PDF figures, which also are permanent by being embedded in the electronic published papers (Ruger Porter and Witmer, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

AR Presents Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Congenital Anomaly Research Center at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

Albertine

2018

The Anatomical Record is proud to once again bring embryological science to its front pages. Opportunity came to the Journal to present thematic papers about the 40th anniversary of the Congenital Anomaly Research Center at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, which was established in 1975. Concept for the thematic papers issue came from Dr. Shigehito Yamada. The anniversary celebration focused on scientific contribution, specimen exhibition, and the scientific symposium. The accompanying Introduction article by Dr. Yamada, Dr. Momoko Nagai, and Dr. Masatoshi Hagiwara provides details that will surely intrigue readers and entice them to read all of the thematic papers (Yamada et al., 2018). The Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos is one of the largest, scientifically active collections of human embryos on earth. Readers will be enlightened by the breadth and depth of the scientific inquiry stemming from this unique resource, as discussed and illustrated in the papers that comprise this thematic papers issue. Yasuda provides historical perspective about the Kyoto Collection (Yasuda, 2018). Kohei explains normal and abnormal prenatal development, using the Kyoto Collection (Kohei, 2018). Takakuwa provides three-dimensional (3D) analysis of human embryos and fetuses, using digitized datasets from the Kyoto Collection (Takakuwa, 2018). Morimoto inquires about what hominoid fetuses may tell us about human evolution (Morimoto, 2018). Abe et al. describe the clinical and demographic evaluation of a holoprosencephaly cohort from the Kyoto Collection (Abe et al., 2018). Kose presents magnetic resonance microscopy of chemically fixed human embryos at the University of Tsukuba from 1999 to 2015 (Kose, 2018). Hill explains the approach to developing the digital Kyoto Collection in education and research (Hill, 2018). Finally, Yamada et al. show novel imaging modalities for human embryology and applications to education (Yamada et al., 2018). Each paper covers a unique topic. Together, the group of thematic papers provides evidence that illustrates and clarifies aspects of human development.